RSS-Feed abonnieren
Bitte kopieren Sie die angezeigte URL und fügen sie dann in Ihren RSS-Reader ein.
https://www.thieme-connect.de/rss/thieme/de/10.1055-s-00000084.xml
Synthesis 2009(20): 3493-3503
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1216977
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1216977
SPECIALTOPIC
© Georg Thieme Verlag
Stuttgart ˙ New YorkPalladium-Catalyzed Direct Arylation-Based Domino Synthesis of Annulated N-Heterocycles Using Alkenyl or (Hetero)Aryl 1,2-Dihalides
Weitere Informationen
Received
12 May 2009
Publikationsdatum:
28. August 2009 (online)
Publikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
28. August 2009 (online)

Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed reaction sequence consisting of an intermolecular amination and an intramolecular direct arylation enabled highly regioselective syntheses of functionalized indoles or carbazoles and proved to be amenable to the use of inexpensive 1,2-dichloroarenes as electrophiles.
Key words
arylation - catalysis - heterocycles - palladium - sequential reaction
- 1
Modern
Arylation Methods
Ackermann L. Wiley-VCH; Weinheim: 2009. - For recent reviews, see :
- 2a
Kakiuchi F.Kochi T. Synthesis 2008, 3013Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 2b
Li B.-J.Yang S.-D.Shi Z.-J. Synlett 2008, 949Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 2c
Lewis JC.Bergman RG.Ellman JA. Acc. Chem. Res. 2008, 41: 1013Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 2d
Satoh T.Miura M. Top. Organomet. Chem. 2007, 24: 61Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 2e
Ackermann L. Top. Organomet. Chem. 2007, 24: 35Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 2f
Alberico D.Scott ME.Lautens M. Chem. Rev. 2007, 107: 174Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 2g
Pascual S.de Mendoza P.Echavarren AM. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2007, 5: 2727Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 2h
Campeau L.-C.Stuart DR.Fagnou K. Aldrichimica Acta 2007, 40: 35Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 2i
Ackermann L. Synlett 2007, 507Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 2j
Daugulis O.Zaitsev VG.Shabashov D.Pham QN.Lazareva A. Synlett 2006, 3382Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 2k
Yu J.-Q.Giri R.Chen X. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2006, 4041Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 3
Miura M.Satoh T. In Modern Arylation MethodsAckermann L. Wiley-VCH; Weinheim: 2009. p.335 - For selected recent examples of palladium-catalyzed direct arylations, see:
- 4a
Okazawa T.Satoh T.Miura M.Nomura M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124: 5286Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 4b
Park C.-H.Ryabova V.Seregin IV.Sromek AW.Gevorgyan V. Org. Lett. 2004, 6: 1159Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 4c
Kalyani D.Deprez NR.Desai LV.Sanford MS. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127: 7330Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 4d
Campeau L.-C.Rousseaux S.Fagnou K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127: 18020Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 4e
Daugulis O.Zaitsev VG. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44: 4046Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 4f
Deprez NR.Kalyani D.Krause A.Sanford MS. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128: 4972Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 4g
Lafrance M.Fagnou K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128: 16496Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 4h
Turner GL.Morris JA.Greaney MF. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46: 7996Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 4i
Iwasaki M.Yorimitsu H.Oshima K. Chem. Asian J. 2007, 2: 1430Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 4j
Ackermann L.Vicente R.Born R. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2008, 350: 741Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 4k
Lebrasseur N.Larrosa I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130: 2926Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 4l
Campeau L.-C.Bertrand-Laperle M.Leclerc J.-P.Villemure E.Gorelsky S.Fagnou K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130: 3276Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 4m
Po˛gan F.Roger J.Doucet H. ChemSusChem 2008, 1: 404Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 4n
Cusati G.Djakovitch L. Tetrahedron Lett. 2008, 49: 2499Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 4o
Bellina F.Benelli F.Rossi R. J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73: 5529Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 4p
Ackermann L.Althammer A.Fenner S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48: 201Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 4q
Ackermann L.Barfüßer S. Synlett 2009, 808Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 4r
Miyasaka M.Fukushima A.Satoh T.Hirano K.Miura M. Chem. Eur. J. 2009, 15: 3674Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 4s
Campeau L.-C.Stuart DR.Leclerc J.-P.Bertrand-Laperle M.Villemure E.Sun H.-Y.Lasserre S.Guimond N.Lecavallier M.Fagnou K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131: 3291Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 4t
Roger J.Po˛gan F.Doucet H. J. Org. Chem. 2009, 74: 1179 ; and references cited thereinReference Ris Wihthout Link - For examples of rhodium-catalyzed direct arylations, see:
- 5a
Oi S.Fukita S.Inoue Y. Chem. Commun. 1998, 2439Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 5b
Bedford RB.Coles SJ.Hursthouse MB.Limmert ME. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2003, 42: 112Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 5c
Oi S.Watanabe S.Fukita S.Inoue Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 2003, 44: 8665Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 5d
Lewis JC.Wiedemann SH.Bergman RG.Ellman JA. Org. Lett. 2004, 6: 35Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 5e
Wang X.Lane BS.Sames D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127: 4996Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 5f
Wiedemann SH.Lewis JC.Ellman JA.Bergman RG. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128: 2452Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 5g
Lewis JC.Wu JY.Bergman RG.Ellman JA. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45: 1589Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 5h
Yanagisawa S.Sudo T.Noyori R.Itami K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128: 11748Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 5i
Proch S.Kempe R. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46: 3135Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 5j
Vogler T.Studer A. Org. Lett. 2008, 10: 129Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 5k
Yanagisawa S.Sudo T.Noyori R.Itami K. Tetrahedron 2008, 64: 6073Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 5l
Zhao X.Yu Z. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130: 8136Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 5m
Berman AM.Lewis JC.Bergman RG.Ellman JA. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130: 14926Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 6
Ackermann L.Vicente R. In Modern Arylation MethodsAckermann L. Wiley-VCH; Weinheim: 2009. p.311 - For ruthenium-catalyzed direct arylations, see:
- 7a
Oi S.Fukita S.Hirata N.Watanuki N.Miyano S.Inoue Y. Org. Lett. 2001, 3: 2579Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 7b
Ackermann L. Org. Lett. 2005, 7: 3123Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 7c
Kakiuchi F.Matsuura Y.Kan S.Chatani N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127: 5936Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 7d
Oi S.Aizawa E.Ogino Y.Inoue Y. J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70: 3113Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 7e
Ackermann L.Althammer A.Born R. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45: 2619Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 7f
Ackermann L.Althammer A.Born R. Synlett 2007, 2833Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 7g
Oi S.Funayama R.Hattori T.Inoue Y. Tetrahedron 2008, 64: 6051Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 7h
Ackermann L.Althammer A.Born R. Tetrahedron 2008, 64: 6115Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 7i
Ackermann L.Vicente R.Althammer A. Org. Lett. 2008, 10: 2299Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 7j
Deng G.Zhao L.Li C.-J. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47: 6278Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 7k
Özdemir I.Demir S.Cetinkaya B.Gourlaouen C.Maseras F.Bruneau C.Dixneuf PH. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130: 1156Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 7l
Oi S.Sasamoto H.Funayama R.Inoue Y. Chem. Lett. 2008, 37: 994Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 7m
Ackermann L.Mulzer M. Org. Lett. 2008, 10: 5043 ; and references cited thereinReference Ris Wihthout Link - For further examples of direct arylations catalyzed by other metals, see:
- 8a
Fujita K.Nonogawa M.Yamaguchi R. Chem. Commun. 2004, 1926Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 8b
Join B.Yamamoto T.Itami K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48: 3644Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 8c
Do H.-Q.Daugulis O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129: 12404Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 8d
Ackermann L.Potukuchi HK.Landsberg D.Vicente R. Org. Lett. 2008, 10: 3081Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 8e
Yoshizumi T.Tsurugi H.Satoh T.Miura M. Tetrahedron Lett. 2008, 49: 1598Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 8f
Do H.-Q.Kashif Khan RM.Daugulis O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130: 15185Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 8g
Phipps RJ.Grimster NP.Gaunt MJ. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130: 8172Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 8h
Norinder J.Matsumoto A.Yoshikai N.Nakamura E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130: 5858Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 8i
Yoshikai N.Matsumoto A.Norinder J.Nakamura E. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48: 2925Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 8j
Canivet J.Yamaguchi J.Ban I.Itami K. Org. Lett. 2009, 11: 1733Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 8k
Hachiya H.Hirano K.Satoh T.Miura M. Org. Lett. 2009, 11: 1737Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 9
Ames DE.Bull D. Tetrahedron 1982, 38: 383 - 10
Ames DE.Opalko A. Synthesis 1983, 234 - 11
Ames DE.Opalko A. Tetrahedron 1984, 40: 1919 - 12
Akita Y.Inoue A.Yamamoto K.Ohta A.Kurihara T.Shimizu M. Heterocycles 1985, 23: 2327 - 13
Akita Y.Itagaki Y.Takizawa S.Ohta A. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1989, 37: 1477 - 14
Ohta A.Akita Y.Ohkuwa T.Chiba M.Fukunaga R.Miyafuji A.Nakata T.Tani N.Aoyagi Y. Heterocycles 1990, 31: 1951 - 15a
Seregin IV.Gevorgyan V. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2007, 36: 1173Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 15b
Satoh T.Miura M. Chem. Lett. 2007, 36: 200Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 16
Littke AF. In Modern Arylation MethodsAckermann L. Wiley-VCH; Weinheim: 2009. p.25 - 17
Bedford RB.Cazin CSJ.Holder D. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2004, 248: 2283 - 18
Bedford RB.Cazin CSJ. Chem. Commun. 2002, 2310 - 19
Jonckers THM.Maes BUW.Lemière GLF.Rombouts G.Pieters L.Haemers A.Dommisse RA. Synlett 2003, 615 - 20
Bedford RB.Betham M.Cazin CSJ. In Handbook of C-H Transformations: Applications in Organic SynthesisDyker G. Wiley-VCH; Weinheim: 2005. p.238 - 21
Campeau L.-C.Parisien M.Jean A.Fagnou K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128: 581 - 22
Campeau L.-C.Fagnou K. Chem. Commun. 2006, 1253 - 23
Bedford RB.Betham M. J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71: 9403 - 24
Bedford RB.Betham M.Charmant JPH.Weeks AL. Tetrahedron 2008, 64: 6038 - 25
Campeau L.-C.Fagnou K. Chem. Commun. 2006, 1253 ; and references cited therein - 26
Chiong HA.Daugulis O. Org. Lett. 2007, 9: 1449 - 27
Chiong HA.Pham Q.-N.Daugulis O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129: 9879Reference Ris Wihthout Link - For selected recent examples of sequential palladium-catalyzed direct arylation-based transformations, see:
- 28a
Terao Y.Satoh T.Miura M.Nomura M. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1999, 72: 2345Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 28b
Faccini F.Motti E.Catellani M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126: 78Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 28c
Pinto A.Neuville L.Zhu J. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46: 3291Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 28d
Mariampillai B.Alliot J.Li M.Lautens M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129: 15372Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 28e
Li B.-J.Tian S.-L.Fang Z.Shi Z.-J. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47: 1115Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 28f
Laleu B.Lautens M. J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73: 9164Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 28g
Della Ca’ N.Sassi G.Catellani M. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2008, 350: 2179Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 28h
Catellani M.Motti E.Della Ca’ N. Acc. Chem. Res. 2008, 41: 1512Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 28i
Gericke KM.Chai DI.Bieler N.Lautens M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48: 1447 ; and references cited thereinReference Ris Wihthout Link - 29 For direct arylation-based sequential
transformations catalyzed by ruthenium, see:
Ackermann L.Born R.Álvarez-Bercedo P. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46: 6364 ; for copper-catalyzed reactions, see also ref. 8d - 1,2-Dihaloarenes were previously used in our laboratories for indole syntheses based on Sonogashira-Hagihara couplings and amination reactions, see:
- 30a
Ackermann L. Org. Lett. 2005, 7: 439Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 30b
Kaspar LT.Ackermann L. Tetrahedron 2005, 61: 11311Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 30c
Ackermann L.Sandmann R.Kondrashov MV. Synlett 2009, 1219Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 30d
Ackermann L.Barfüßer S.Potukuchi HK. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2009, 351: 1064Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 31
Horton DA.Bourne GT.Smythe ML. Chem. Rev. 2003, 103: 893 - 32
Humphrey GR.Kuethe JT. Chem. Rev. 2006, 106: 2875 - 33
Cacchi S.Fabrizi G. Chem. Rev. 2005, 105: 2873 - 34
Krüger K.Tillack A.Beller M. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2008, 350: 2153 - For selected indole syntheses from our laboratories, see:
- 35a
Ackermann L.Kaspar LT.Gschrei CJ. Chem. Commun. 2004, 2824Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 35b
Ackermann L.Born R. Tetrahedron Lett. 2004, 45: 9541Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 35c
Ackermann L.Althammer A. Synlett 2006, 3125Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 35d
Ackermann L.Sandmann R.Villar A.Kaspar LT. Tetrahedron 2008, 64: 769Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 35e
Ackermann L.Barfüßer S. Synlett 2009, 808Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 36
Knölker H.-J.Reddy KR. Chem. Rev. 2002, 102: 4303 - For selected recent palladium-catalyzed carbazole syntheses, see:
- 37a
Knölker H.-J.Knöll J. Chem. Commun. 2003, 1170Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 37b
Nozaki K.Takahashi K.Nakano K.Hiyama T.Tang H.-Z.Fujiki M.Yamaguchi S.Tamao K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2003, 42: 2051Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 37c
Tsang WCP.Zheng N.Buchwald SL. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127: 14560Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 37d
Krahl MP.Jäger A.Krause T.Knölker H.-J. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2006, 4: 3125Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 37e
Liu Z.Larock RC. Tetrahedron 2006, 63: 347Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 37f
Watanabe T.Ueda S.Inuki S.Oishi S.Fujii N.Ohno H. Chem. Commun. 2007, 4516Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 37g
Liegault B.Lee D.Huestis MP.Stuart DR.Fagnou K. J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73: 5022Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 37h
Tsang WCP.Munday RH.Brasche G.Zheng N.Buchwald SL. J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73: 7603Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 37i
Forke R.Krahl MP.Daebritz F.Jaeger A.Knölker H.-J. Synlett 2008, 1870Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 37j
Jordan-Hore JA.Johansson CCC.Gulias M.Beck EM.Gaunt MJ. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130: 16184 ; and references cited thereinReference Ris Wihthout Link - For related stepwise carbazole syntheses, see:
- 38a
Iwaki T.Yasuhara A.Sakamoto T. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1999, 1505Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 38b
Ferreira ICFR.Queiroz M.-JRP.Kirsch G. Tetrahedron 2003, 59: 3737Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 38c
Hostyn S.van Baelen G.Lemière GLF.Maes BUW. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2008, 350: 2653Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 38d
Laha JK.Petrou P.Cuny GD. J. Org. Chem. 2009, 74: 3152 ; and references cited therein. See also ref. 19Reference Ris Wihthout Link - For palladium-catalyzed aminations of aryl halides from our laboratories, see:
- 39a
Ackermann L.Born R. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44: 2444Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 39b
Ackermann L.Spatz JH.Gschrei CJ.Born R.Althammer A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45: 7627Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 40 For a preliminary communication,
see:
Ackermann L.Althammer A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46: 1627 - 41 For an excellent review on transition
metal-catalyzed site-selective cross-coupling reactions of di- and
polyhalo-genated compounds, see:
Wang J.-R.Manabe K. Synthesis 2009, 1405 - 42
Knölker H.-J.Bauermeister M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1990, 664 - 43
Willis MC.Brace GN.Holmes IP. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44: 403 - 44
Knölker H.-J.Bauermeister M.Pannek JB. Chem. Ber. 1992, 125: 2783 - 45
Smitrovich JH.Davies IW. Org. Lett. 2004, 6: 533Reference Ris Wihthout Link - 46
Kuroki M.Tsunashima Y. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1981, 18: 709 - 47
Martin T.Moody CJ. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1988, 235 - 48
Liu C.-Y.Knochel P. Org. Lett. 2005, 7: 2543 - 49
Bonesi SM.Ponce MA.Erra-Balsells R. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 2005, 42: 867