Download PDF
Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2010; 23(02): 87-92
DOI: 10.3415/VCOT-09-06-0068
Original Research
Schattauer GmbH

Effect of exercise on kinetic gait analysis of dogs afflicted by osteoarthritis

R. Beraud
1   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Small Animal Surgery, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
,
M. Moreau
2   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, The Companion Animal Research Group, Department of Clinical Sciences, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
,
B. Lussier
1   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Small Animal Surgery, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Received: 25 June 2009

Accepted: 14 February 2009

Publication Date:
19 December 2017 (online)

    Permissions and Reprints

Summary

Objective: To evaluate the effects of moderate exercise on kinetic gait analysis using a force platform in dogs with hindlimb lameness due to osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: Ten control dogs (Control) and 10 dogs presented with chronic and stable hind-limb lameness (OA) were recruited. Dogs were subjected to force platform gait analysis to determine baseline data. They were thereafter trotted for a distance of 1.2 km on a short leash, lead by the same handler at a gait convenient for each of them (ranging from slow to fast trot), after which the gait analysis was immediately repeated to determine post-exercise values. Peak and impulse of the vertical and braking / propulsion forces were analysed using a linear model for repeated measures and Bonferroni sequential correction.

Results: In the Control group, the differences between baseline and post-exercise data were not significant. Conversely, post-exercise peak (p = 0.020) and impulse (p = 0.009) values of the vertical force, as well as the peak of the propulsion force (p = 0.009) values were significantly lower than baseline in the OA group.

Clinical relevance: This study demonstrates the significant effect of a moderate amount of exercise in exacerbating hindlimb lameness in dogs clinically afflicted by OA. It is suggested that: 1) exercise should be considered as a potential factor of variation in future force platform gait analyses and an effort should be made to limit bias in data recording; and 2) an exercise-based protocol could be added to the standard force platform gait analysis to potentially increase its sensitivity in the detection of lame dogs.

 

  • References

  • 1 Budsberg SC, Verstraete MC, Soutas-Little RW.. Force plate analysis of the walking gait in healthy dogs. Am J Vet Res 1987; 48: 915-918.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Anderson MA, Mann FA.. Force plate analysis: a noninvasive tool for gait evaluation. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 1994; 16: 857-867.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 McLaughlin RM.. Kinetic and kinematic gait analysis in dogs. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2001; 31: 193-201.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Karnik PS, Johnston S, Ward D. et al. The effects of epidural deracoxib on the ground reaction forces in an acute stifle synovitis model. Vet Surg 2006; 35: 34-42.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Grisneaux E, Dupuis J, Pibarot P. et al. Effects of postoperative administration of ketoprofen or carprofen on short- and long-term results of femoral head and neck excision in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003; 223: 1006-1012.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Moreau M, Lussier B, Doucet M. et al. Efficacy of licofelone in dogs with clinical osteoarthritis. Vet Rec 2007; 160: 584-588.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Vasseur PB, Johnson AL, Budsberg SC. et al. Randomized, controlled trial of the efficacy of carprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, in the treatment of osteoarthritis in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1995; 206: 807-811.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Borer LR, Peel JE, Seewald W. et al. Effect of carprofen, etodolac, meloxicam, or butorphanol in dogs with induced acute synovitis. Am J Vet Res 2003; 64: 1429-1437.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Budsberg SC, Johnston SA, Schwarz PD. et al. Efficacy of etodolac for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip joints in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999; 214: 206-210.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Budsberg SC, Bergh MS, Reynolds LR. et al. Evaluation of pentosan polysulfate sodium in the postoperative recovery from cranial cruciate injury in dogs: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Vet Surg 2007; 36: 234-244.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Moreau M, Dupuis J, Bonneau NH. et al. Clinical evaluation of a nutraceutical, carprofen and meloxicam for the treatment of dogs with osteoarthritis. Vet Rec 2003; 152: 323-329.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Mlacnik E, Bockstahler BA, Muller M. et al. Effects of caloric restriction and a moderate or intense physiotherapy program for treatment of lameness in overweight dogs with osteoarthritis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2006; 229: 1756-1760.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 McLaughlin Jr. RM , Miller CW, Taves CL. et al. Force plate analysis of triple pelvic osteotomy for the treatment of canine hip dysplasia. Vet Surg 1991; 20: 291-297.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Budsberg SC, Chambers JN, Lue SL. et al. Prospective evaluation of ground reaction forces in dogs undergoing unilateral total hip replacement. Am J Vet Res 1996; 57: 1781-1785.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Dueland RT, Adams WM, Fialkowski JP. et al. Effects of pubic symphysiodesis in dysplastic puppies. Vet Surg 2001; 30: 201-217.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Ballagas AJ, Montgomery RD, Henderson RA. et al. Pre- and postoperative force plate analysis of dogs with experimentally transected cranial cruciate ligaments treated using tibial plateau leveling osteotomy. Vet Surg 2004; 33: 187-190.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Budsberg SC, Verstraete MC, Soutas-Little RW. et al. Force plate analyses before and after stabilization of canine stifles for cruciate injury. Am J Vet Res 1988; 49: 1522-1524.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Conzemius MG, Evans RB, Besancon MF. et al. Effect of surgical technique on limb function after surgery for rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005; 226: 232-236.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Jevens DJ, DeCamp CE, Hauptman J. et al. Use of a force-plate analysis of gait to compare two surgical techniques for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs. Am J Vet Res 1996; 57: 389-393.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Bouck GR, Miller CW, Taves CL.. A comparison of surgical and medical treatment of fragmented medial coronoid process and osteochondritis dissecans of the canine elbow. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 1995; 8: 177-183.
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Klaveren NJ, Suwankong N, De Boer S. et al. Force plate analysis before and after dorsal decompression for treatment of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in dogs. Vet Surg 2005; 34: 450-456.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Suwankong N, Meij BP, Klaveren NJ. et al. Assessment of decompressive surgery in dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis using force plate analysis and questionnaires. Vet Surg 2007; 36: 423-431.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Quinn MM, Keuler NS, Lu Y. et al. Evaluation of agreement between numerical rating scales, visual analogue scoring scales, and force plate gait analysis in dogs. Vet Surg 2007; 36: 360-367.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Hudson JT, Slater MR, Taylor L. et al. Assessing repeatability and validity of a visual analogue scale questionnaire for use in assessing pain and lameness in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2004; 65: 1634-1643.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Evans R, Horstman C, Conzemius M.. Accuracy and optimization of force platform gait analysis in labradors with cranial cruciate disease evaluated at a walking gait. Vet Surg 2005; 34: 445-449.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Waxman AS, Robinson DA, Evans RB.. Relationship between objective and subjective assessment of limb function in normal dogs with an experimentally induced lameness. Vet Surg 2008; 37: 241-246.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Rumph PF, Steiss JE, West MS.. Interday variation in vertical ground reaction force in clinically normal Greyhounds at the trot. Am J Vet Res 1999; 60: 679-683.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Rumph PF, Steiss JE, Montgomery RD.. Effects of selection and habituation on vertical ground reaction force in greyhounds. Am J Vet Res 1997; 58: 1206-1208.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Jevens DJ, Hauptman JG, DeCamp CE. et al. Contributions to variance in force-plate analysis of gait in dogs. Am J Vet Res 1993; 54: 612-615.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 McLaughlin Jr. R , Roush JK.. Effects of increasing velocity on braking and propulsion times during force plate gait analysis in greyhounds. Am J Vet Res 1995; 56: 159-161.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 McLaughlin Jr. RM , Roush JK.. Effects of subject stance time and velocity on ground reaction forces in clinically normal greyhounds at the trot. Am J Vet Res 1994; 55: 1666-1671.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Budsberg SC, Rytz U, Johnston SA.. Effects of acceleration on ground reaction forces collected in healthy dogs at a trot. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 1999; 12: 15-19.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 DuLaney D, Purinton T, Dookwah H. et al. Effect of starting distance on vertical ground reaction forcesin the normal dog. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2005; 18: 183-185.
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Gordon WJ, Conzemius MG, Riedesel E. et al. The relationship between limb function and radio-graphic osteoarthrosis in dogs with stifle osteoarthrosis. Vet Surg 2003; 32: 451-454.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Madore E, Huneault L, Moreau M. et al. Comparison of trot kinetics between dogs with stifle or hip arthrosis. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2007; 20: 102-107.
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Kapatkin AS, Arbittier G, Kass PH. et al. Kinetic gait analysis of healthy dogs on two different surfaces. Vet Surg 2007; 36: 605-608.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Voss K, Imhof J, Kaestner S. et al. Force plate gait analysis at the walk and trot in dogs with low-grade hindlimb lameness. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2007; 20: 299-304.
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Poy NS, DeCamp CE, Bennett RL. et al. Additional kinematic variables to describe differences in the trot between clinically normal dogs and dogs with hip dysplasia. Am J Vet Res 2000; 61: 974-978.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Brebner NS, Moens NM, Runciman JR.. Evaluation of a treadmill with integrated force plates for kinetic gait analysis of sound and lame dogs at a trot. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2006; 19: 205-212.
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Fanchon L, Valette JP, Sanaa M. et al. The measurement of ground reaction force in dogs trotting on a treadmill: an investigation of habituation. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2006; 19: 81-86.
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Bockstahler BA, Skalicky M, Peham C. et al. Reliability of ground reaction forces measured on a treadmill system in healthy dogs. Vet J 2007; 173: 373-378.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Evans R, Gordon W, Conzemius M.. Effect of velocity on ground reaction forces in dogs with lameness attributable to tearing of the cranial cruciate ligament. Am J Vet Res 2003; 64: 1479-1481.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar