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Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2007; 9(2): 298-308
DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-955916
Research Paper

Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart KG · New York

CASIROZ: Root Parameters and Types of Ectomycorrhiza of Young Beech Plants Exposed to Different Ozone and Light Regimes

P. Železnik1 , M. Hrenko1 , C. Then2 , N. Koch3 , T. Grebenc1 , T. Levanič1 , H. Kraigher1
  • 1Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
  • 2Department of Forest Tree Physiology, Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape, Rennweg 1, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
  • 3Ecophysiology of Plants, Department of Ecology, Technische Universität München, Am Hochanger 13, 85354 Freising, Germany
Further Information

Publication History

Received: February 28, 2006

Accepted: November 8, 2006

Publication Date:
13 March 2007 (online)

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Abstract

Tropospheric ozone (O3) triggers physiological changes in leaves that affect carbon source strength leading to decreased carbon allocation below-ground, thus affecting roots and root symbionts. The effects of O3 depend on the maturity-related physiological state of the plant, therefore adult and young forest trees might react differently. To test the applicability of young beech plants for studying the effects of O3 on forest trees and forest stands, beech seedlings were planted in containers and exposed for two years in the Kranzberg forest FACOS experiment (Free‐Air Canopy O3 Exposure System, http://www.casiroz.de) to enhanced ozone concentration regime (ambient [control] and double ambient concentration, not exceeding 150 ppb) under different light conditions (sun and shade). After two growing seasons the biomass of the above- and below-ground parts, beech roots (using WinRhizo programme), anatomical and molecular (ITS-RFLP and sequencing) identification of ectomycorrhizal types and nutrient concentrations were assessed. The mycorrhization of beech seedlings was very low (ca. 5 % in shade, 10 % in sun-grown plants), no trends were observed in mycorrhization (%) due to ozone treatment. The number of Cenococcum geophilum type of ectomycorrhiza, as an indicator of stress in the forest stands, was not significantly different under different ozone treatments. It was predominantly occurring in sun-exposed plants, while its majority share was replaced by Genea hispidula in shade-grown plants. Different light regimes significantly influenced all parameters except shoot/root ratio and number of ectomycorrhizal types. In the ozone fumigated plants the number of types, number of root tips per length of 1 to 2 mm root diameter, root length density per volume of soil and concentration of Mg were significantly lower than in control plants. Trends to a decrease were found in root, shoot, leaf, and total dry weights, total number of root tips, number of vital mycorrhizal root tips, fine root (mass) density, root tip density per surface, root area index, concentration of Zn, and Ca/Al ratio. Due to the general reduction in root growth indices and nutrient cycling in ozone-fumigated plants, alterations in soil carbon pools could be predicted.

Key words

Ozone fumigation - light exposure - beech - fine root growth - biomass - ectomycorrhizal types - nutrient concentration

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H. Kraigher

Slovenian Forestry Institute

Večna pot 2

1000 Ljubljana

Slovenia

Email: hojka.kraigher@gozdis.si

Guest Editor: R. Matyssek

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