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Digestive Disease Interventions 2018; 02(01): 011-017
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1641164
Review Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA

Minimally Invasive Treatment Strategies for Tracheoesophageal Fistulae

Pavan Najran
1   Department of Radiology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
,
Damian Mullan
1   Department of Radiology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
,
David Shepherd
2   Formerly Department of Radiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
,
Alan Li
3   Department of Radiology, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
,
Hans-Ulrich Laasch
1   Department of Radiology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

12 January 2018

19 February 2018

Publication Date:
07 May 2018 (online)

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Abstract

Tracheoesophageal fistula (TOF) is a serious consequence of invasive malignancy or iatrogenic injury. TOF can result in aspiration, infection, and sepsis causing significant morbidly and mortality. Management of TOF is challenging and deciding an appropriate strategy requires a multidisciplinary approach. Surgical management has limited application with associated risks and is not an option for a large portion of patients. Minimally invasive methods such as endoscopic repair and stent insertion are favorable. Radiological insertion of metallic stents allows accurate stent placement with the aid of fluoroscopic mapping. This review describes the various methods of managing TOF by a multidisciplinary team.

Keywords

cancer - dysphagia - endoprosthesis - endoscopy - interventional radiology - palliation
 

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