Abstract
Tracheoesophageal fistula (TOF) is a serious consequence of invasive malignancy or
iatrogenic injury. TOF can result in aspiration, infection, and sepsis causing significant
morbidly and mortality. Management of TOF is challenging and deciding an appropriate
strategy requires a multidisciplinary approach. Surgical management has limited application
with associated risks and is not an option for a large portion of patients. Minimally
invasive methods such as endoscopic repair and stent insertion are favorable. Radiological
insertion of metallic stents allows accurate stent placement with the aid of fluoroscopic
mapping. This review describes the various methods of managing TOF by a multidisciplinary
team.
Keywords
cancer - dysphagia - endoprosthesis - endoscopy - interventional radiology - palliation
