Papillomvirus- und Polyomavirus-Infektionen bei Zier- und Wildvögeln: eine Übersicht

Zusammenfassung

Angehörige der Familien Papillomaviridae und Polyomaviridae verursachen Erkrankungen bei Zier- und Wildvögeln. Papillomviren werden als Erreger von Hautwarzen an unbefiederten Stellen des Kopfes und der Ständer vor allem bei Finken und Kanarienvögeln, selten auch bei Papageien, gefunden. Das Krankheitsbild der »internen Papillomatose der Papageien«, das durch die Ausbildung von Papillomen im Kloaken- und Schnabelbereich, aber auch im gesamten Gastrointestinaltrakt gekennzeichnet ist, tritt vor allem bei Amazonen und Aras auf. Die Ätiologie dieser Erkrankung ist noch nicht geklärt; neuere Untersuchungen weisen eher auf Herpesals auf Papillomviren als ätiologisches Agens hin. Infektionen mit dem »aviären Polyomavirus« verursachen vor allem bei Wellensittichen und Agaporniden Erkrankungen, oft mit akutem bis perakutem Verlauf und hoher Todesrate bei Nestlingen, während ältere Vögel zumeist Federmissbildungen zeigen. Ähnliche Krankheitsbilder können auch bei der Infektion anderer Papageienarten sowie bei Sperlings- und Greifvögeln auftreten. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen aktuellen Überblick über Klinik, Diagnostik und Bekämpfung dieser Virusinfektionen.

Summary

Members of the families Papillomaviridae and Polyomaviridae are the causative agents of disease in pet birds as well as in wild birds. Papillomavirus infections leading to skin warts on the featherless parts of the head and the feet are found in finches and canaries, in rare cases also in parrots. “Internal papillomatosis of parrots”, characterized by the formation of papillomas in the cloacal mucosa and the beak, in some cases also in other parts of the gastrointestinal tract, is predominantly found in Amazon parrots and macaws. The aetiology of this disease still remains unclear; remarkably, recent studies indicate an involvement of herpesviruses rather than papillomaviruses. Disease caused by avian polyomavirus infection is characterized by an acute or a peracute course with high mortality rates in fledglings, whereas in older birds feather disorders are the most common clinical signs. Budgerigars and lovebirds are the predominantly affected species. However, disease is also common in other parrots and infections have been reported in several species of the Passeriformes and the Falconiformes. In this communication, an actual overview summarizes clinical findings, diagnostics and treatment of these virus infections.

Schlüsselwörter

Zierund Wildvögel - Papovaviren - Papillomvirus - Polyomavirus - interne Papillomatose der Papageien - Nestlingskrankheit der Wellensittiche

Keywords

Pet birds - Wild birds - Papovaviruses - Papillomavirus - Polyomavirus - Internal papillomatosis of parrots - Budgerigar fledgling disease

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