Verbessert Höhentraining den antioxidativen Status und die physische Leistungsfähigkeit von Pferden?^[*]

Zusammenfassung

Gegenstand und Ziel: In einer experimentellen Studie sollte die Hypothese geprüft werden, dass das Höhentraining der Bundeswehr die physische Leistungsfähigkeit der Tragtiere verbessert und den körpereigenen Schutz gegen Sauerstoffradikale verstärkt. Material und Methoden: Von fünf Haflingern wurden venöse Blutproben vier Tage vor einem Höhentraining (sieben Tage, 1700–2400 m) sowie vier Tage und 60 Tage danach entnommen und Parameter zur Beurteilung der Sauerstofftransportkapazität, des oxidativen Stresses und des antioxidativen Status bestimmt. Zur Beurteilung der Leistungsfähigkeit wurde während eines Belastungstests der Anstieg der Laktatkonzentration im Blut gemessen. Ergebnisse: Das Höhentraining der Pferde steigerte die Sauerstofftransportkapazität im Blut. Dies bewies der hochsignifikante Hämatokritanstieg von 0,30 (± 0,02) auf 0,36 (± 0,02) l/l. Gleichzeitig verursachte der Höhenaufenthalt oxidativen Stress. Die Konzentration der Radikalmarker HNE-modifizierte Proteine und Malondialdehyd (MDA) war im Blutplasma signifikant erhöht (MDA: von 1,33 [± 0,38] auf 1,93 [± 0,26] μmol/mmol Hb). In der Folge verbesserte sich der antioxidative Status signifikant (Trolox Equivalent Antioxidative Capacity, TEAC: von 0,64 ± 0,06 auf 0,79 ± 0,05 mmol/l) und wahrscheinlich auch die physische Leistungsfähigkeit. Hinweise auf eine Schädigung von Organen traten dabei nicht auf. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Das Höhentraining der Tragtiere, wie es bei der Bundeswehr derzeit durchgeführt wird, ist für die Gesundheit und Leistungsfähigkeit der Pferde vorbehaltlos empfehlenswert.

Summary

Objective: An experimental study was performed in order to prove the hypothesis, that the altitude training of the German army can improve physical performance and antioxidant protection of the pack-animals. Material and methods: Venous blood samples of five Haflingers were drawn four days before an altitude training (seven days, 1700–2400 m) as well as four days and 60 days afterwards for assessment of oxygen transport capacity, oxidative stress and antioxidative status. In order to evaluate physical performance blood lactate concentration was measured during a defined endurance test. Results: The altitude training of horses enhanced the oxygen transport capacity of their blood. This was proved by a highly significant hematocrit rise from 0.30 (± 0.02) to 0.36 (± 0.02) l/l. At the same time this altitude training caused oxidative stress. The two oxygen radical markers HNE-modified proteins and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly increased in blood plasma (MDA: from 1.33 (± 0.38) to 1.93 (± 0.26) μmol/mmol Hb). As a consequence, the antioxidative status significantly improved (Trolox Equivalent Antioxidative Capacity, TEAC: from 0.64 ± 0.06 to 0.79 ± 0.05 mmol/l) and probably also the physical performance of the horses. Indications of impairment of organs could not be found. Conclusion and clinical relevance: The altitude training of the packanimals, such as actually practised by the German army, can be recommended without reservation to improve health and physical performance of the horses.

Schlüsselwörter

Höhentraining - oxidativer Stress - physische Leistungsfähigkeit - Pferd

Keywords

Altitude training - oxidative stress - physical performance - horse

^* Herrn Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. mult. H.-G. Liebich zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet.

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