Hamostaseologie 2009; 29(03): 279-284
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1617037
Review
Schattauer GmbH

Monitoring anticoagulation of primary haemostasis

Estimation of platelet function in whole blood assaysÜberwachung der Therapie mit ThrombozytenhemmernErfassung der Thrombozytenfunktion im Vollblut
A. Calatzis
1   Department for Transfusion Medicine and Haemostaseology, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
,
M. Leitner
2   Department for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Division for Blood Group Serology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
,
S. Panzer
2   Department for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Division for Blood Group Serology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
› Institutsangaben
Weitere Informationen

Publikationsverlauf

Publikationsdatum:
05. Februar 2018 (online)

Summary

This article provides an overview on current commercially available methods to determine primary haemostasis as a target of drug-mediated anticoagulation. It focuses on whole blood methods only, and references the currently major achievements that have been reported with each method in respect to its clinical use. Advantages and disadvantages of the various methods are presented, based on considerations of platelet physiology, and on feasibility of the procedures.

Zusammenfassung

Diese Arbeit bietet einen Überblick der gebräuchlichen Methoden zur Erfassung der primären Hämostase. Diese werden im Hinblick auf ihre klinische Bedeutung zur Überwachung der therapeutischen Effizienz einer Thrombozytenhemmung beschrieben, wobei ausschließlich auf Messungen im Vollblut eingegangen wird. Vor- und Nachteile der einzelnen Methoden werden diskutiert.

 
  • References

  • 1 Born GV. Aggregation of blood platelets by adeno-sine diphosphate and its reversal. Nature 1962; 194: 927-929.
  • 2 Carville DG, Schleckser PA, Guyer KE. et al. Whole blood platelet function assay on the ICHOR point-of-care hematology analyzer. J Extra Corpor Technol 1998; 30: 171-177.
  • 3 Clemetson KJ. Platelet receptors and their role in diseases. Clin Chem Lab Med 2003; 41: 253-260.
  • 4 Craft RM, Chavez JJ, Snider CC. et al. Comparison of modified Thrombelastograph and Plateletworks whole blood assays to optical platelet aggregation for monitoring reversal of clopidogrel inhibition in elective surgery patients. J Lab Clin Med 2005; 145: 309-315.
  • 5 Duke WW. The relation of blood platelets to hemorrhagic disease. Description of a method for determining the bleeding time and the coagulation time and report of three cases of hemorrhagic disease relieved by blood transfusion. JAMA 1910; 55: 1185-1192.
  • 6 Frossard M, Fuchs I, Leitner JM. et al. Platelet function predicts myocardial damage in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 2004; 110: 1392-1397.
  • 7 Fuchs I, Frossard M, Spiel A. et al. Platelet function in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) predicts recurrent ACS. J Thromb Haemost 2006; 4: 2547-2552.
  • 8 Gremmel T, Steiner S, Seidinger D. et al. Comparison of methods to evaluate clopidogrel-mediated platelet inhibition after percutaneous intervention with stent implantation. Thromb Haemost 2009; 101: 333-339.
  • 9 Harker LA, Slichter SJ. The bleeding time as a screening test for evaluation of platelet function. N Engl J Med 1972; 287: 155-159.
  • 10 Jilma B. Platelet function analyzer (PFA-100): a tool to quantify congenital or acquired platelet dysfunction. J Lab Clin Med 2001; 138: 152-163.
  • 11 Jilma B, Fuchs I. Detecting aspirin resistance with the platelet function analyzer (PFA-100). Am J Cardiol 2001; 88: 1348-1349.
  • 12 Jurk K, Kehrel BE. The role of platelets in haemostasis, thrombosis, immune defense and inflammation. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2008; 133: 1130-1135.
  • 13 Lennon MJ, Gibbs NM, Weightman WM. et al. A comparison of Plateletworks and platelet aggregometry for the assessment of aspirin related platelet dysfunction in cardiac surgical patients. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2004; 18: 136-140.
  • 14 Matetzky S, Shenkman B, Guetta V. et al. Clopidogrel resistance is associated with increased risk of recurrent atherothrombotic events in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 2004; 109: 3171-3175.
  • 15 Matetzky S, Fefer P, Shenkman B. et al. Effectiveness of reloading to overcome clopidogrel nonresponsiveness in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 2008; 102: 524-529.
  • 16 Mielke Jr CH, Kaneshiro MM, Maher IA. et al. The standardized normal Ivy bleeding time and its prolongation by aspirin. Blood 1969; 34: 204-215.
  • 17 Nilsson IM, Magnusson S, Borchgrevink C. The Duke and Ivy methods for determination of the bleeding time. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 1963; 10: 223-234.
  • 18 Nurden AT, Nurden P, George JN. Are patients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia and the Bernard-Soulier syndrome protected against atherosclerosis?. Adv Exp Med Biol 2001; 489: 13-29.
  • 19 O’Brien JM. Platelet aggregation. II. Some results from a new method of study. J Clin Pathol 1962; 15: 452-481.
  • 20 Panzer S, Höcker L, Koren D. Agonists-induced platelet activation varies considerably in healthy male individuals: studies by flow cytometry. Ann Hematol 2006; 85: 121-125.
  • 21 Panzer S, Rieger M, Vormittag R. et al. Platelet function to estimate the bleeding risk in autoimmune thrombocytopenia. Eur J Clin Invest 2007; 37: 814-819.
  • 22 Savion N, Varon D. Impact-the cone and plate(let) analyzer: testing platelet function and anti-platelet drug response. Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb 2006; 35: 83-88.
  • 23 Scharbert G, Kalb ML, Duris M. et al. Garlic at dietary doses does not impair platelet function. Anesth Analg 2007; 105: 1214-1218.
  • 24 Shenkman B, Einav Y, Salomon O. et al. Testing agonist-induced platelet aggregation by the Impact-R. Platelets 2008; 19: 440-446.
  • 25 Shpilberg O, Rabi I, Schiller K, Walden R. et al. Patients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia lacking platelet glycoprotein alpha(IIb)beta(3) (GPIIb/IIIa) and alpha(v)beta(3) receptors are not protected from atherosclerosis. Circulation 2002; 105: 1044-1048.
  • 26 Sibbing D, Braun S, Morath T. et al. Platelet reactivity after clopidogrel treatment assessed with point-of-care analysis and early drug-eluting stent thrombosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 53: 849-856.
  • 27 Siller-Matula JM, Panzer S, Jilma B. Reproducibility and standardized reporting of the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation assay. Platelets 2008; 19: 551-554.
  • 28 Siller-Matula JM, Lang I, Christ G, Jilma B. Calcium-channel blockers reduce the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 52: 1557-1563.
  • 29 Thromboelastography.. Special issue dedicated to Professor Dr. Hellmut Hartert. Semin Thromb He-most 1995; 21 (Suppl. 04) 1-93.
  • 30 White MM, Krishnan R, Kueter TJ. et al. The use of the point of care Helena ICHOR/Plateletworks and the Accumetrics Ultegra RPFA for assessment of platelet function with GPIIb–IIIa antagonists. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2004; 18: 163-169.