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Semin Neurol 2016; 36(06): 560-569
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1592171
Review Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Multimodality Monitoring: Illuminating the Comatose Human Brain

Charles L. Francoeur
1   Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada
,
Margaret Pain
2   Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
,
Stephan A. Mayer
3   Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History

Publication Date:
01 December 2016 (online)

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Abstract

The field of neurocritical care has evolved tremendously in recent years, a development explained vastly by the advent of neurophysiological monitoring. From basic intracranial pressure measurements to brain tissue oxygenation, microdialysis, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and surface and intracortical electroencephalography (EEG), our ability to detect and control physiologic endpoints of brain function in comatose patients has grown substantially. The integration of these data gave birth to the concept of multimodality monitoring (MMM). Real-time data acquisition and analysis systems are crucial for fully understanding the relationship between physiologic drivers such as blood pressure, temperature and end-tidal CO2, and end-point measures of brain metabolism such as brain tissue oxygen tension, CBF, lactate/pyruvate ratio, and EEG. Multimodality monitoring provides an early warning system for detecting physiological derangements that can be corrected before secondary brain injury occurs. Multimodality monitoring also allows for the creation of an optimized physiological environment for the injured brain, with the goal of preventing secondary injury events. The authors review the basic ideas and technical aspects of MMM, and therefore provide a unique window of illumination into the comatose human brain.

Keywords

multimodality monitoring - intracranial pressure - brain tissue oxygenation - microdialysis - cerebral blood flow - electroencephalography
 

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