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Journal of Pediatric Neurology 2015; 13(04): 225-230
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1558868
Review Article
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Paroxysmal Dyskinesias

Jonathan W. Mink
1   Department of Neurology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, and Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States
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Publication History

05 May 2015

06 May 2015

Publication Date:
12 August 2015 (online)

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Abstract

Paroxysmal dyskinesias represent a group of uncommon movement disorders that are characterized by episodes of abnormal movements arising from a baseline of normal or nearly normal movement. Recent advances in the genetics of these disorders have helped provide some unification of classification schemes and better understanding. Three major phenotypes constitute the paroxysmal dyskinesias. Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia is characterized by very brief spells (seconds) that are triggered by sudden movement. Paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD) is characterized by longer lasting spells (minutes to hours) that may be precipitated by caffeine or alcohol consumption. Paroxysmal exertional dyskinesia is characterized by spells brought on by sustained exertion. The approach to treatment continues to be based on the phenotype more than the genotype.

Keywords

dystonia - episodic dyskinesia - chorea
 

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