Download PDF
Int J Sports Med 2015; 36(03): 204-208
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1389971
Physiology & Biochemistry
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

The Role of Water Intake on Cardiac Vagal Reactivation after Upper-body Resistance Exercise

A. L. Teixeira
1   Department of Exercise Physiology, Maternity Hospital Therezinha de Jesus, Faculty of Medical and Healthy Sciences – SUPREMA – Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
,
P. S. Ramos
1   Department of Exercise Physiology, Maternity Hospital Therezinha de Jesus, Faculty of Medical and Healthy Sciences – SUPREMA – Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
,
J. B. Marins
2   Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
,
D. R. Ricardo
1   Department of Exercise Physiology, Maternity Hospital Therezinha de Jesus, Faculty of Medical and Healthy Sciences – SUPREMA – Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History



accepted after revision 06 August 2014

Publication Date:
06 November 2014 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the hypothesis that water intake will accelerate cardiac vagal reactivation after a single session of upper-body resistance exercise. 13 healthy men (26.5±5.9 years) with previous experience in resistance training were enrolled. In visits 1 and 2, participants performed the one-repetition maximum (1RM) test and retest with the bench press exercise. The sessions 3 and 4 were performed randomly, while participants consumed 500 ml (experimental visit) or 50 ml (control visit) of water immediately after 3 sets of maximum repetitions at 80% of 1RM. Cardiac vagal activity was represented by cardiac vagal index (CVI) measured before, immediately after and 30 min post-exercise. Additionally, heart rate and blood pressure were measured. The results show that CVI was higher 30 min post-exercise when 500 ml of water was ingested compared to 50 ml (1.39±0.07 vs. 1.23±0.07; p=0.02) (mean±SEM). Heart rate and blood pressure values were similar in both trials. We conclude that water intake accelerates post-resistance exercise cardiac vagal reactivation. These findings suggest that hydration after resistance exercise might be beneficial for cardiovascular safety in healthy subjects.

Key words

resistance training - hydration - autonomic nervous system - heart rate
 

  • References

  • 1 Albert CM, Mittleman MA, Chae CU, Lee IM, Hennekens CH, Manson JE. Triggering of sudden death from cardiac causes by vigorous exertion. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 1355-1361
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 American College of Sports Medicine . Position stand: Exercise and hypertension. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004; 4: 533-553
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 American College of Sports Medicine . Position stand: Exercise and fluid replacement. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 39: 377-390
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 American College of Sports Medicine . Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009; 41: 687-708
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 American College of Sports Medicine . Position stand on quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011; 43: 1334-1359
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 American College of Sports Medicine, American Diabetes Association . Joint position statement: Exercise and type 2 diabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42: 2282-2303
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 American College of Sports Medicine, American Heart Association . Joint position stand: Exercise and acute cardiovascular events: placing the risks into perspective. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 39: 886-897
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Araújo CGS, Nóbrega ACL, Castro CLB. Vagal activity: effect of age, sex and physical pattern. Braz J Med Biol Res 1989; 22: 909-911
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Araújo CGS, Nóbrega ACL, Castro CLB. Heart rate responses to deep breathing and 4-seconds of exercise before and after pharmacological blockade with atropine and propanolol. Clin Auton Res 1992; 2: 35-40
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Araújo CGS, Ricardo DR, Almeida MB. Fidedignidade intra e interdias do teste de exercício de quatro segundos. Rev Bras Med Esporte 2003; 9: 293-298
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Artero EG, Lee D, Ruiz JR, Sui X, Ortega FB, Church TS, Lavie CJ, Castillo MJ, Blair SN. A prospective study of muscular strength and all-cause mortality in men with hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 57: 1831-1837
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Bartok C, Schoeller DA, Sullivan JC, Clark RR, Landry GL. Hydration testing in collegiate wrestlers undergoing hypertonic dehydration. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004; 36: 510-517
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Brown CM, Barberini L, Dulloo AG, Montani JP. Cardiovascular responses to water drinking: does osmolality play a role?. Am J Physiol 2005; 289: R1687-R1692
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Callegaro CC, Moraes RS, Negrao CE, Trombetta IC, Rondon MU, Teixeira MS, Silva SC, Ferlin EL, Krieger EM, Ribeiro JP. Acute water ingestion increases arterial blood pressure in hypertensive and normotensive subjects. J Hum Hypertens 2007; 21: 564-570
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Charkoudian N, Halliwill JR, Morgan BJ, Eisenach JH, Joyner MJ. Influences of hydration on post-exercise cardiovascular control in humans. J Physiol 2003; 552: 635-644
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Corrado D, Migliore F, Basso C, Thiene G. Exercise and the risk of sudden cardiac death. Herz 2006; 31: 553-558
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Duarte CV, Araújo CG. Cardiac vagal index does not explain age-independent maximal heart rate. Int J Sports Med 2013; 34: 502-506
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 FitzGerald SJBC, Kampert JB, Morrow Jr JR, Jackson AW, Blair SN. Muscular fitness and all-cause mortality: a prospective study. J Phys Act Health 2004; 1: 7-18
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Fleck SJ. Cardiovascular adaptations to resistance training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1988; 20: S146-S151
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Gale CR, Martyn CN, Cooper C, Sayer AA. Grip strength, body composition, and mortality. Int J Epidemiol 2007; 36: 228-235
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Goldberg AP. Aerobic and resistive exercise modify risk factors for coronary heart disease. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1989; 21: 669-674
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Harriss DJ, Atkinson G. Ethical standards in sport and exercise science research: 2014 update. Int J Sports Med 2013; 34: 1025-1028
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Hefferman KS, Kelly EE, Collier SR, Fernhall B. Cardiac autonomic modulation during recovery from acute endurance versus resistance exercise. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2006; 13: 80-86
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Hurley BF, Kokkinos PF. Effects of weight training on risk factors for coronary heart disease. Sports Med 1987; 4: 231-238
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Jordan J, Shannon JR, Black BK, Ali Y, Farley M, Costa F, Diedrich A, Robertson RM, Biaggioni I, Robertson D. The pressor response to water drinking in humans: a sympathetic reflex?. Circulation 2000; 101: 504-509
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Jordan J. Acute effect of water on blood pressure. What do we know? Clin Auton Res 2002; 12: 250-255
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Kingsley JD, Hochgesang S, Brewer A, Buxton E, Martinson M, Heidner G. Autonomic modulation in resistance-trained individuals after acute resistance exercise. Int J Sports Med 2014; 35: 851-856
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Knopfli BH, Bar-Or O, Araújo CGS. Effect of ipratropium bromide on EIB in children depends on vagal activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005; 37: 354-359
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Lipp A, Tank J, Franke G, Arnold G, Luft FC, Jordan J. Osmosensitive mechanisms contribute to the water drinking-induced pressor response in humans. Neurology 2005; 65: 905-907
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Millar PJ, MacDonald MJ, Bray SR, McCartney N. Isometric handgrip exercise improves acute neurocardiac regulation. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009; 107: 509-515
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Mittleman MA, Siscovick DS. Physical exertion as a trigger of myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. Cardiol Clin 1996; 14: 263-270
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Newman AB, Kupelian V, Visser M, Simonsick EM, Goodpaster BH, Kritchevsky SB, Tylavsky FA, Rubin SM, Harris TB. Strength, but not muscle mass, is associated with mortality in the health, aging and body composition study cohort. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2006; 61: 72-77
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Nosaka S, Murase S, Murata K. Arterial baroreflex inhibition by gastric distension in rats: mediation by splanchnic afferents. Am J Physiol 1991; 260: R985-R994
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Oliveira RB, Vianna LC, Ricardo DR, Almeida MB, Araújo CGS. Influence of different respiratory maneuvers on exercise-induced cardiac vagal inhibition. Eur J Appl Physiol 2006; 97: 607-612
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Raj SR, Biaggioni I, Black BK, Rali A, Jordan J, Taneja I, Harris PA, Robertson D. Sodium paradoxically reduces the gastropressor response in patients with orthostatic hypotension. Hypertension 2006; 48: 329-334
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Ricardo DR, de Almeida MB, Franklin BA, Araújo CGS. Initial and final exercise heart rate transients: influence of gender, aerobic fitness, and clinical status. Chest 2005; 127: 318-327
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Ricardo DR, Silva BM, Vianna LC, Araújo CGS. Cardiac vagal withdrawal and reactivation during repeated rest-exercise transitions. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010; 110: 933-942
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Robertson RJ, Goss FL, Rutkowski J, Lenz B, Dixon C, Timmer J, Frazee K, Dube J, Andreacci J. Concurrent validation of the OMINI perceived exertion scale for resistance exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003; 35: 333-341
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Rossi P, Andriesse GI, Oey PL, Wieneke GH, Roelofs JM, Akkermans LM. Stomach distension increases efferent muscle sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in healthy humans. J Neurol Sci 1998; 161: 148-155
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Routledge HC, Chowdhary S, Coote JH, Townend JN. Cardiac vagal response to water ingestion in normal human subjects. Clin Sci (Lond) 2002; 103: 157-162
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Simão R, Spineti J, Salles BF, Matta T, Fernandes L, Fleck SJ, Rhea MR, Strom-Olsen HE. Comparison between nonlinear and linear periodized resistance training: hypertrophic and strength effects. J Strength Cond Res 2012; 26: 1389-1395
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Shephard RJ. PAR-Q. Canadian home fitness test and exercise screening alternatives. Sports Med 1988; 5: 185-195
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 43 Vanderlei FM, Moreno IL, Vanderlei LC, Paste CM, Abreu LC, Ferreira C. Effects of different protocols of hydration on cardiorespiratory parameters during exercise and recovery. Int Arch Med 2013; 6: 33
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 44 van Orshoven NP, Oey PL, van Schelven LJ, Roelofs JM, Jansen PA, Akkermans LM. Effect of gastric distension on cardiovascular parameters: gastrovascular reflex is attenuated in the elderly. J Physiol 2004; 555: 573-583
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 45 Vianna LC, Oliveira RB, Silva BM, Ricardo DR, Araújo CGS. Water intake accelerates post-exercise cardiac vagal reactivation in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2008; 102: 283-288
    PubMedGoogle Scholar