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Horm Metab Res 2012; 44(11): 855-860
DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1316349
Humans, Clinical
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

A Simple Screening Method for Individuals at Risk of Developing Type 1 Diabetes: Measurement of Islet Cell Autoantibodies (GADA, IA-2A, and IAA) on Dried Capillary Blood Spots Collected on Filter Paper

E. S. Siraj
1   Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
,
D. G. Rogers
1   Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
2   Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
,
M. K. Gupta
1   Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
3   Department Clinical Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
,
S.S. K. Reddy
1   Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

received 31 December 2011

accepted after second revision 06 June 2012

Publication Date:
14 August 2012 (online)

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Abstract

There is limited information regarding the use of dried capillary blood spots collected on a filter paper (FP) to test for islet cell antibodies. The aim of this study was to validate the use of dried capillary blood spots collected on a FP for the analysis of islet cell antibodies. FP eluates were tested using both single and combined assay for antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) and/or to the protein tyrosine phosphatase like IA-2 (IA-2A), and a single assay for antibodies to insulin (IAA). The results were compared with those of serum assays. Ninety-one subjects were studied. Forty had Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and 51 were first-degree relatives (FDR) of patients with T1DM. The GADA and IA-2A were measured by radio-binding assays, which utilize 35S-labeled GAD65 and IA-2. IAA was measured by a microtiter plate assay using 125I-labeled insulin. Twenty-six of those with T1DM (65%) and 5 of the FDRs (10%) had at least 1 positive test on the single serum assays. The FP combi-assay for GADA and IA-2A had 97.8% concordance rate when compared with serum single assays for GADA and IA-2A. The concordance rate for individual assays were 96.7% for GADA, and 100% for both IA-2A and IAA There was significant correlation of the antibody levels between FP and serum specimen for all 3 antibodies. We conclude that antibody screening performed using dried capillary blood spots collected on a FP correlates well with serum assays, and provides an easy alternative for population screening.

Key words

type 1 diabetes mellitus - autoimmunity - screening - prediction
 

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