PDF herunterladen
Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2008; 12(4): 318-333
DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1100639
© Thieme Medical Publishers

Meniscus Imaging

Wouter C. J Huysse1 , Koenraad L. Verstraete1 , Peter C. Verdonk2 , René Verdonk2
  • 1Department of Radiology, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
  • 2Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine, and Rehabilitation, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
Weitere Informationen

Publikationsverlauf

Publikationsdatum:
18. November 2008 (online)

Auch verfügbar auf
    Lizenzen und Reprints

ABSTRACT

As the therapeutic options for the treatment of meniscal lesions evolve, so do the challenges in both preoperative and postoperative imaging of the meniscus. Ideally, an imaging modality should accurately depict the meniscus and any meniscal lesions in such a way that the best treatment option can be chosen. It should also be able to depict the treated area, accurately assess the follow-up of treatment, and differentiate the findings associated with the treatment from recurrent lesions.

At this moment magnetic resonance (MR) is the imaging modality of choice for the virgin meniscus, the operated meniscus, and the transplanted meniscus. In all these situations, unenhanced MR imaging accurately displays the meniscus and the possible lesions. Only in patients with sutured menisci can the performance of MR be improved by intra-articular contrast administration.

Computed tomographic arthrography has a similar accuracy as MR imaging for the detection of meniscal lesion, and it is especially valuable for the evaluation of menisci in the presence of orthopaedic hardware. It remains, however, an invasive technique that requires ionizing radiation.

KEYWORDS

Meniscus - MRI - tear - repair - transplantation

REFERENCES

  • 1 Bylski-Austrow D I, Ciarelli M J, Kayner D C, Matthews L S, Goldstein S A. Displacements of the menisci under joint load: an in vitro study in human knees.  J Biomech. 1994;  27(4) 421-431
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Herwig J, Egner E, Buddecke E. Chemical changes of human knee joint menisci in various stages of degeneration.  Ann Rheum Dis. 1984;  43(4) 635-640
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Bullough P G, Munuera L, Murphy J, Weinstein A M. The strength of the menisci of the knee as it relates to their fine structure.  J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1970;  52(3) 564-567
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Ingman A M, Ghosh P, Taylor T K. Variation of collagenous and non-collagenous proteins of human knee joint menisci with age and degeneration.  Gerontologia. 1974;  20(4) 212-223
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Beaupre A, Choukroun R, Guidouin R, Garneau R, Gerardin H, Cardou A. Knee menisci. Correlation between microstructure and biomechanics.  Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1986;  (208) 72-75
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 McDevitt C A, Webber R J. The ultrastructure and biochemistry of meniscal cartilage.  Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1990;  (252) 8-18
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Cheung H S. Distribution of type I, II, III and V in the pepsin solubilized collagens in bovine menisci.  Connect Tissue Res. 1987;  16(4) 343-356
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Thompson W O, Thaete F L, Fu F H, Dye S F. Tibial meniscal dynamics using three-dimensional reconstruction of magnetic resonance images.  Am J Sports Med. 1991;  19(3) 210-215
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Ghadially F N, Lalonde J M, Wedge J H. Ultrastructure of normal and torn menisci of the human knee joint.  J Anat. 1983;  136(Pt 4) 773-791
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Hellio Le Graverand M P, Ou Y, Schield-Yee T et al.. The cells of the rabbit meniscus: their arrangement, interrelationship, morphological variations and cytoarchitecture.  J Anat. 2001;  198(Pt 5) 525-535
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Kambic H E, Futani H, McDevitt C A. Cell, matrix changes and alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in repair of the canine meniscus.  Wound Repair Regen. 2000;  8(6) 554-561
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Arnoczky S P, Warren R F. Microvasculature of the human meniscus.  Am J Sports Med. 1982;  10(2) 90-95
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Benedetto K P, Glotzer W, Kunzel K H, Gaber O. Vascularization of the menisci—morphological basis for meniscus repair.  Acta Anat (Basel). 1985;  124(1–2) 88-92
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Stone K R. Meniscus replacement.  Clin Sports Med. 1996;  15(3) 557-571
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 van Arkel E R, de Boer H H. Human meniscal transplantation. Preliminary results at 2- to 5-year follow-up.  J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1995;  77(4) 589-595
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Selesnick F H, Noble H B, Bachman D C, Steinberg F L. Internal derangement of the knee: diagnosis by arthrography, arthroscopy, and arthrotomy.  Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1985;  (198) 26-30
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Vande Berg B C, Lecouvet F E, Poilvache P, Maldague B, Malghem J. Spiral CT arthrography of the knee: technique and value in the assessment of internal derangement of the knee.  Eur Radiol. 2002;  12(7) 1800-1810
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Coulier B. Direct 3D imaging of the knee menisci during 16-row multislice CT arthrography.  JBR-BTR. 2006;  89(6) 291-297
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Manco L G, Kavanaugh J H, Fay J J, Bilfield B S. Meniscus tears of the knee: prospective evaluation with CT.  Radiology. 1986;  159(1) 147-151
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Manco L G, Berlow M E. Meniscal tears—comparison of arthrography, CT, and MRI.  Crit Rev Diagn Imaging. 1989;  29(2) 151-179
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Vande Berg B C, Lecouvet F E, Poilvache P et al.. Assessment of knee cartilage in cadavers with dual-detector spiral CT arthrography and MR imaging.  Radiology. 2002;  222(2) 430-436
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 De Filippo M, Pogliacomi F, Bertellini A, Averna R, Onniboni M, Zompatori M. Multidetector computed tomography arthrography of the knee: diagnostic accuracy and indications.  Eur J Radiol. 2008 Mar 6;  , [Epub ahead of print]
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Dupas B, Frampas E, Leaute F, Bertrand-Vasseur A, Lerat F. Complications of fluoroscopy-, ultrasound-, and CT-guided percutaneous interventional procedures.  J Radiol. 2005;  86(5) 586-598
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 White L M, Schweitzer M E, Weishaupt D, Kramer J, Davis A, Marks P H. Diagnosis of recurrent meniscal tears: prospective evaluation of conventional MR imaging, indirect MR arthrography, and direct MR arthrography.  Radiology. 2002;  222(2) 421-429
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Magee T, Shapiro M, Rodriguez J, Williams D. MR arthrography of postoperative knee: for which patients is it useful?.  Radiology. 2003;  229(1) 159-163
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Walker P S, Erkman M J. The role of the menisci in force transmission across the knee.  Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1975;  (109) 184-192
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Lubowitz J H, Verdonk P C, Reid III J B, Verdonk R. Meniscus allograft transplantation: a current concepts review.  Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2007;  15(5) 476-492
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Wojtys E M, Chan D B. Meniscus structure and function.  Instr Course Lect. 2005;  54 323-330
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Jackson J P. Degenerative changes in the knee after meniscectomy.  BMJ. 1968;  2(5604) 525-527
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Cox J S, Nye C E, Schaefer W W, Woodstein I J. The degenerative effects of partial and total resection of the medial meniscus in dogs' knees.  Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1975;  (109) 178-183
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Dandy D J, Jackson R W. Meniscectomy and chondromalacia of the femoral condyle.  J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1975;  57(8) 1116-1119
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Lutfi A M. Morphological changes in the articular cartilage after meniscectomy. An experimental study in the monkey.  J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1975;  57(4) 525-528
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Lemaire R. Osteoarthrosis of the knee joint, a predictable consequence of meniscectomy in patients with angular deformity of the knee [author's translation].  Acta Chir Belg. 1977;  76(3) 355-360
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Gotzen L. Meniscus and cartilage damage [in German].  Langenbecks Arch Chir. 1987;  372 255-257
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Gear M W. The late results of meniscectomy.  Br J Surg. 1967;  54(4) 270-272
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Bassett F H, Harrelson J M. Meniscectomy in osteoarthritis.  Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1974;  (101) 53-60
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Benninghoff A. Form und Bau der Gelenkknorpel in ihren Beziehungen zur Funktion.  Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat. 1925;  2 783-862
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Crues III J V, Mink J, Levy T L, Lotysch M, Stoller D W. Meniscal tears of the knee: accuracy of MR imaging.  Radiology. 1987;  164(2) 445-448
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Sproule J A, Khan F, Rice J J, Nicholson P, McElwain J P. Altered signal intensity in the posterior horn of the medial meniscus: an MR finding of questionable significance.  Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2005;  125(4) 267-271
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 De Smet A A, Norris M A, Yandow D R, Quintana F A, Graf B K, Keene J S. MR diagnosis of meniscal tears of the knee: importance of high signal in the meniscus that extends to the surface.  AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1993;  161(1) 101-107
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Rubin D A, Harner C D, Costello J M. Treatable chondral injuries in the knee: frequency of associated focal subchondral edema.  AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2000;  174(4) 1099-1106
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Helms C A. The meniscus: recent advances in MR imaging of the knee.  AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2002;  179(5) 1115-1122
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 43 Rubin D A, Kneeland J B. MR imaging of the musculoskeletal system: technical considerations for enhancing image quality and diagnostic yield.  AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1994;  163(5) 1155-1163
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 44 Escobedo E M, Hunter J C, Zink-Brody G C, Wilson A J, Harrison S D, Fisher D J. Usefulness of turbo spin-echo MR imaging in the evaluation of meniscal tears: comparison with a conventional spin-echo sequence.  AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1996;  167(5) 1223-1227
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 45 Peterfy C G, Janzen D L, Tirman P F, van Dijke C F, Pollack M, Genant H K. “Magic-angle” phenomenon: a cause of increased signal in the normal lateral meniscus on short-TE MR images of the knee.  AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1994;  163(1) 149-154
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 46 Farley T E, Howell S M, Love K F, Wolfe R D, Neumann C H. Meniscal tears: MR and arthrographic findings after arthroscopic repair.  Radiology. 1991;  180(2) 517-522
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 47 Burke B J, Escobedo E M, Wilson A J, Hunter J C. Chondrocalcinosis mimicking a meniscal tear on MR imaging.  AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1998;  170(1) 69-70
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 48 Justice W W, Quinn S F. Error patterns in the MR imaging evaluation of menisci of the knee.  Radiology. 1995;  196(3) 617-621
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 49 Burk Jr D L, Dalinka M K, Kanal E et al.. Meniscal and ganglion cysts of the knee: MR evaluation.  AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1988;  150(2) 331-336
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 50 Tuckman G A, Miller W J, Remo J W, Fritts H M, Rozansky M I. Radial tears of the menisci: MR findings.  AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1994;  163(2) 395-400
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 51 Wright D H, De Smet A A, Norris M. Bucket-handle tears of the medial and lateral menisci of the knee: value of MR imaging in detecting displaced fragments.  AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1995;  165(3) 621-625
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 52 Helms C A, Laorr A, Cannon Jr W D. The absent bow tie sign in bucket-handle tears of the menisci in the knee.  AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1998;  170(1) 57-61
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 53 Campbell S E, Sanders T G, Morrison W B. MR imaging of meniscal cysts: incidence, location, and clinical significance.  AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001;  177(2) 409-413
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 54 Cothran Jr R L, Major N M, Helms C A, Higgins L D. MR imaging of meniscal contusion in the knee.  AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001;  177(5) 1189-1192
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 55 Stoller D W, Martin C, Crues III J V, Kaplan L, Mink J H. Meniscal tears: pathologic correlation with MR imaging.  Radiology. 1987;  163(3) 731-735
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 56 Kaplan P A, Nelson N L, Garvin K L, Brown D E. MR of the knee: the significance of high signal in the meniscus that does not clearly extend to the surface.  AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1991;  156(2) 333-336
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 57 LaPrade R F, Burnett Q M, Veenstra M A, Hodgman C G. The prevalence of abnormal magnetic resonance imaging findings in asymptomatic knees. With correlation of magnetic resonance imaging to arthroscopic findings in symptomatic knees.  Am J Sports Med. 1994;  22(6) 739-745
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 58 Mink J H, Levy T, Crues III J V. Tears of the anterior cruciate ligament and menisci of the knee: MR imaging evaluation.  Radiology. 1988;  167(3) 769-774
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 59 Rubin D A, Paletta Jr G A. Current concepts and controversies in meniscal imaging.  Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2000;  8(2) 243-270
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 60 Matava M J, Eck K, Totty W, Wright R W, Shively R A. Magnetic resonance imaging as a tool to predict meniscal reparability.  Am J Sports Med. 1999;  27(4) 436-443
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 61 DeHaven K E. Meniscus repair.  Am J Sports Med. 1999;  27(2) 242-250
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 62 Clark C R, Ogden J A. Development of the menisci of the human knee joint. Morphological changes and their potential role in childhood meniscal injury.  J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1983;  65(4) 538-547
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 63 Lento P H, Akuthota V. Meniscal injuries: a critical review.  J Back Musculoskeletal Rehabil. 2000;  15(2–3) 55-62
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 64 Biedert R M. Treatment of intrasubstance meniscal lesions: a randomized prospective study of four different methods.  Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2000;  8(2) 104-108
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 65 Fox M G. MR imaging of the meniscus: review, current trends, and clinical implications.  Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2007;  15(1) 103-123
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 66 Henning C E, Lynch M A, Clark J R. Vascularity for healing of meniscus repairs.  Arthroscopy. 1987;  3(1) 13-18
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 67 Verdonk R. Meniscal transplantation.  Acta Orthop Belg. 2002;  68(2) 118-127
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 68 Verdonk R, Almqvist K F, Huysse W, Verdonk P C. Meniscal allografts: indications and outcomes.  Sports Med Arthrosc. 2007;  15(3) 121-125
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 69 Nawata M, Wakitani S, Nakaya H et al.. Use of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and diffusion chambers to engineer cartilage tissue for the repair of defects in articular cartilage.  Arthritis Rheum. 2005;  52(1) 155-163
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 70 Verdonk P C, Verstraete K L, Almqvist K F et al.. Meniscal allograft transplantation: long-term clinical results with radiological and magnetic resonance imaging correlations.  Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2006;  14(8) 694-706
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 71 Kelly B T, Robertson W, Potter H G et al.. Hydrogel meniscal replacement in the sheep knee—preliminary evaluation of chondroprotective effects.  Am J Sports Med. 2007;  35(1) 43-52
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 72 de Boer H H, Koudstaal J. The fate of meniscus cartilage after transplantation of cryopreserved nontissue-antigen-matched allograft. A case report.  Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1991;  (266) 145-151
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 73 Garrett J C, Steensen R N. Meniscal transplantation in the human knee: a preliminary report.  Arthroscopy. 1991;  7(1) 57-62
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 74 Verstraete K L, Verdonk R, Lootens T, Verstraete P, De R J, Kunnen M. Current status and imaging of allograft meniscal transplantation.  Eur J Radiol. 1997;  26(1) 16-22
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 75 Cole B J, Carter T R, Rodeo S A. Allograft meniscal transplantation: background, techniques, and results.  Instr Course Lect. 2003;  52 383-396
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 76 Peters G, Wirth C J. The current state of meniscal allograft transplantation and replacement.  Knee. 2003;  10(1) 19-31
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 77 Kuhn J E, Wojtys E M. Allograft meniscus transplantation.  Clin Sports Med. 1996;  15(3) 537-556
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 78 Arnoczky S P, DiCarlo E F, O'Brien S J, Warren R F. Cellular repopulation of deep-frozen meniscal autografts: an experimental study in the dog.  Arthroscopy. 1992;  8(4) 428-436
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 79 Jackson D W, Whelan J, Simon T M. Cell survival after transplantation of fresh meniscal allografts. DNA probe analysis in a goat model.  Am J Sports Med. 1993;  21(4) 540-550
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 80 Fabbriciani C, Lucania L, Milano G, Schiavone P A, Evangelisti M. Meniscal allografts: cryopreservation vs deep-frozen technique. An experimental study in goats.  Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 1997;  5(2) 124-134
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 81 Pollard M E, Kang Q, Berg E E. Radiographic sizing for meniscal transplantation.  Arthroscopy. 1995;  11(6) 684-687
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 82 Verdonk P CM, Demurie A, Almqvist F, Veys E M, Verbruggen G, Verdonk R. Transplantation of viable meniscal allograft. Survivorship analysis and clinical outcome of one hundred cases.  J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;  87(4) 715-724
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 83 Alford W, Cole B J. The indications and technique for meniscal transplant.  Orthop Clin North Am. 2005;  36(4) 469
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 84 Kohn D. Autograft meniscus replacement: experimental and clinical results.  Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 1993;  1(2) 123-125
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 85 Kohn D, Verdonk R, Aagaard H, Seil R, Dienst M. Meniscal substitutes—animal experience.  Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1999;  9(3) 141-145
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 86 Kohn D, Aagaard H, Verdonk R, Dienst M, Seil R. Postoperative follow-up and rehabilitation after meniscus replacement.  Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1999;  9(3) 177-180
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 87 Stone K R, Steadman J R, Rodkey W G, Li S T. Regeneration of meniscal cartilage with use of a collagen scaffold. Analysis of preliminary data.  J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1997;  79(12) 1770-1777
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 88 Kon E, Chiari C, Marcacci M et al.. Tissue engineering for total meniscal substitution: animal study in sheep model.  Tissue Eng Part A. 2008;  14(6) 1067-1080
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 89 de Groot J H. Polyurethane scaffolds for meniscal tissue regeneration.  Med Device Technol. 2005;  16(7) 18-20
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 90 Buma P, van Tienen T, Veth R. The collagen meniscus implant.  Expert Rev Med Devices. 2007;  4(4) 507-516
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 91 Recht M P, Kramer J. MR imaging of the postoperative knee: a pictorial essay.  Radiographics. 2002;  22(4) 765-774
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 92 Deutsch A L, Mink J H, Fox J M et al.. Peripheral meniscal tears: MR findings after conservative treatment or arthroscopic repair.  Radiology. 1990;  176(2) 485-488
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 93 Smith D K, Totty W G. The knee after partial meniscectomy: MR imaging features.  Radiology. 1990;  176(1) 141-144
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 94 Totty W G, Matava M J. Imaging the postoperative meniscus.  Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2000;  8(2) 271-283
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 95 Verstraete K L, Vanderwoude H J, Hogendoorn P CW, Dedeene Y, Kunnen M, Bloem J L. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging of musculoskeletal tumors: basic principles and clinical applications.  J Magn Reson Imaging. 1996;  6(2) 311-321
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 96 Verstraete K L, Verstraete P, Lootens T, De Rooy J W, Kunnen M, Verdonk R. Spectrum of MR imaging findings of meniscal allografts: clinical and arthroscopic correlation.  Radiology. 1996;  201(P) 432 , Abstract
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 97 Potter H G, Rodeo S A, Wickiewicz T L, Warren R F. MR imaging of meniscal allografts: correlation with clinical and arthroscopic outcomes.  Radiology. 1996;  198(2) 509-514
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 98 Patten R M, Rolfe B A. MRI of meniscal allografts.  J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1995;  19(2) 243-246
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 99 Verdonk P, Depaepe Y, Desmyter S et al.. Normal and transplanted lateral knee menisci: evaluation of extrusion using magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound.  Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2004;  12(5) 411-419
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 100 van Arkel E RA, Goei R, de Ploeg I, de Boer H H. Meniscal allografts: evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging and correlation with arthroscopy.  Arthroscopy. 2000;  16(5) 517-521
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 101 Costa C R, Morrison W B, Carrino J A. Medial meniscus extrusion on knee MRI: is extent associated with severity of degeneration or type of tear?.  AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004;  183(1) 17-23
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 102 Gale D R, Chaisson C E, Totterman S M, Schwartz R K, Gale M E, Felson D. Meniscal subluxation: association with osteoarthritis and joint space narrowing.  Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 1999;  7(6) 526-532
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 103 Thornton D D, Rubin D A. Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee menisci.  Semin Roentgenol. 2000;  35(3) 217-230
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 104 Verstraete K L, Verstraete P, Lootens T, De Rooy J W, Kunnen M, Verdonk R. Spectrum of MR imaging findings of meniscal allografts, with clinical and arthroscopic correlation.  Radiology. 1996;  201(P) 537 , Abstract
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 105 Hoben G M, Athanasiou K A. Meniscal repair with fibrocartilage engineering.  Sports Med Arthrosc. 2006;  14(3) 129-137
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 106 Buma P, Ramrattan N N, van Tienen T G, Veth R P. Tissue engineering of the meniscus.  Biomaterials. 2004;  25(9) 1523-1532
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 107 Buma P, van T T, Veth R. The collagen meniscus implant.  Expert Rev Med Devices. 2007;  4(4) 507-516
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 108 Stone K R, Steadman J R, Rodkey W G, Li S T. Regeneration of meniscal cartilage with use of a collagen scaffold. Analysis of preliminary data.  J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1997;  79(12) 1770-1777
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 109 Rodkey W G, DeHaven K E, Montgomery III W H et al.. Comparison of the collagen meniscus implant with partial meniscectomy. A prospective randomized trial.  J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008;  90(7) 1413-1426
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 110 Zaffagnini S, Giordano G, Vascellari A et al.. Arthroscopic collagen meniscus implant results at 6 to 8 years follow up.  Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2007;  15(2) 175-183
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 111 Huysse W CJ, Verdonk R, Verdonk P, Verstraete K. Imaging findings after meniscal repair with degradable polyurethane scaffold: preliminary results.  Skeletal Radiol. 2008;  37 593
    PubMedGoogle Scholar

Wouter C. J HuysseM.D. 

Department of Radiology, Ghent University Hospital

De Pintelaan 185, -1K12 IB, 9000 Gent, Belgium

eMail: Wouter.huysse@ugent.be

      >