DOI:
        10.1055/s-00000009
      
      
        American Journal of Perinatology
       
      
        
          
            Issue 05 · 
           Volume 42 · 
           April 2025
            
           
           DOI: 10.1055/s-015-61253  
          
          
      
      
      
        
      
        
      
      
       
    
  
  
        
        
  
  
    
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    Podcasts
   
  
  
        
          
            
              
              
              
                
                  
                    
                    
                      
                          
                          
                            SMFM Fellowship Series Article 
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        555
      
    
   
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Ding, Jia Jennifer; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Milley, Lauren; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Son, Moeun: 
              
            
          
       
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
 
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        564
      
    
   
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Watkins, Virginia Y.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Estin, Mira L.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Craig, Amanda M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Dotters-Katz, Sarah K.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Federspiel, Jerome J.: 
              
            
          
       
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
 
                      
                          
                          
                            Original Article 
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
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              Peled, Tzuria; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Saar, Noa; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Muraca, Giulia M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Sela, Hen Y.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Grisaru-Granovsky, Sorina; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Rottenstreich, Misgav: 
              
            
          
       
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
 
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        580
      
    
   
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Carbajal, Melissa M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Karpen, Heidi; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Arias-Shah, AnnaMarie; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Gisondo, Carly; 
              
            
          
            
              
              French, Heather M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Gray, Megan M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Izatt, Susan; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Gillam-Krakauer, Maria; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Johnston, Lindsay C.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Payne, Allison; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Vasquez, Margarita M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Bonachea, Elizabeth M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Falck, Alison J.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Chess, Patricia R.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Dadiz, Rita: 
              
            
          
       
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
 
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        586
      
    
   
  
  
 
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        593
      
    
   
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Akita, Mitsuyo; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Tomotaki, Seiichi; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Hanaoka, Shintaro; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Araki, Ryosuke; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Motokura, Kouji; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Tomobe, Yutaro; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Tomotaki, Hiroko; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Iwanaga, Kougoro; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Takita, Junko; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kawai, Masahiko: 
              
            
          
       
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
 
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        599
      
    
   
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Cheedalla, Aneesha; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Berry, Marissa; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Abdelwahab, Mahmoud; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Cowen, Jamie; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Stiles, Alexandra; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mason, Isabelle; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Honegger, Jonathan R.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Rood, Kara M.: 
              
            
          
       
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
 
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
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              Siegel, Molly R.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              James, Kaitlyn; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Bromley, Bryann; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Koelper, Nathanael C.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Chasen, Stephen T.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Griffin, Laurie; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Roman, Ashley S.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Limaye, Meghana; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Ranzini, Angela; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Clifford, Caitlin; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Biggio, Joseph R.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Subramaniam, Akila; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Seasely, Angela R.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Page, Jessica M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Nicholas, Sara S.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Idler, Jay; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Rao, Rashmi; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Shree, Raj; 
              
            
          
            
              
              McLennan, Graham; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Dugoff, Lorraine; 
              
            
          
            
              
              
                
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                
                
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                
                  on behalf of the Twin cfDNA Study Consortium: 
                
              
            
          
       
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
 
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        612
      
    
   
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Haricharan, Ramanathapura; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Thompson, Stephanie; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Annie, Frank; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Maduakonam, Chisom: 
              
            
          
       
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
 
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
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              Sidebottom, Abbey C.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Wunderlich, Whitney L.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Vacquier, Marc C.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Drake, Kelly A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Goering, Mary P.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Hoffman, Sandra I.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Watson, David A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Colicchia, Laura C.: 
              
            
          
       
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
 
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
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              Kraus, Alexandria C.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kucirka, Lauren M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Johnson, Julie; 
              
            
          
            
              
              AbouNouar, Albatoul; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Connelly, Sean V.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Thel, Hannah L.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kavi, Heli S.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Bailey, Brazil M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Fox, Madelyn K.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Malloy, Kimberly; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Conklin, Jamie L.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Huprich, Erin; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Boggess, Kim A.: 
              
            
          
       
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
 
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        643
      
    
   
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Grubman, Olivia; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mitchell, Mackenzie; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Owens, Thomas; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Heiligenstein, Mia; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kaplowitz, Elianna; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Stoffels, Guillaume; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Al-Ibraheemi, Zainab; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Brustman, Lois; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Ashmead, Graham; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Hussain, Farrah N.: 
              
            
          
       
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
 
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        649
      
    
   
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Okonek, Elizabeth J.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Schulz, Elizabeth V.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Belzer, Kira; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Aden, James K.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Drumm, Caitlin M.: 
              
            
          
       
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
 
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
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              Lower, Casey A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Gleason, Emily G.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Toda, Asaki; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Srinivas, Sindhu K.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Levine, Lisa D.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Power, Maggie E.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Hamm, Rebecca F.: 
              
            
          
       
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
 
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        666
      
    
   
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Slagle, Helen B. Gomez; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Caplan, Richard; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kawakita, Tetsuya; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Sciscione, Anthony C.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Hoffman, Matthew K.: 
              
            
          
       
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
 
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        674
      
    
   
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Hoff, Hannah; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Quary, Sharon; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Keesari, Rohali; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Oster, Matthew E.: 
              
            
          
       
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
 
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        683
      
    
   
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Mohamed, Tahagod; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Alexander, Robin; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Davidson, Brielle; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Klamer, Brett; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Gehred, Alison; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Starr, Michelle C.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Slagle, Cara; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Krawczeski, Catherine; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Harer, Matthew W.: