DOI:
        10.1055/s-00000009
      
      
        American Journal of Perinatology
      
      
        
          
            Ausgabe 12 ·
           Volume 41 ·
           September 2024
            
          
           DOI: 10.1055/s-014-60092 
          
          
          
  
    
      
    
  
  
        
        
  
  
    
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
      
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
        
          
            
              
              
              
                
                  
                    
                    
                      
                          
                          
                            
                            SMFM Fellowship Series Article
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1595
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Hart, Jessica M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Macharia, Annliz; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Modest, Anna M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Johnson, Katherine M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Lauring, Julianne; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Nicasio, Erica; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Hacker, Michele R.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Spiel, Melissa H.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1604
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Saucedo, Alexander M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Calvert, Chase; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Chiem, Adrian; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Groves, Alan; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Ghartey, Kobina; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Cahill, Alison G.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Harper, Lorie M.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                            
                            Review Article
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1616
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Mukerji, Amit; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Keszler, Martin: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1625
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Chan, Christina S.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kong, Juin Yee; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Sultana, Rehena; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mundra, Vatsala; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Babata, Kikelomo L.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mazzarella, Kelly; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Adhikari, Emily H.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Yeo, Kee Thai; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Hascoët, Jean-Michel; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Brion, Luc P.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                            
                            Original Article
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1634
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Dyess, Nicolle Fernández; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Carr, Cara Beth; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mavis, Stephanie C.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Caruso, Catherine G.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Izatt, Susan; 
              
            
          
            
              
              French, Heather; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Dadiz, Rita; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Bonachea, Elizabeth M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Gray, Megan M.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1645
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Ortiz-Movilla, Roberto; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Beato-Merino, Maite; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Funes Moñux, Rosa María; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Martínez-Bernat, Lucía; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Domingo-Comeche, Laura; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Royuela-Vicente, Ana; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Román-Riechmann, Enriqueta; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Marín-Gabriel, Miguel Ángel: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1652
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Chan, Belinda; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Torsitano, Christopher; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Gordon, Sasha; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Konana, Olive; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Singh, Yogen: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1660
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Moneme, Chioma; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kausch, Sherry L.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Belmonte, Briana M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Fleming II, Mark A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Levin, Daniel E.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Sullivan, Brynne A.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1665
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Okulu, Emel; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kraja, Elvis; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kostekci, Yasemin Ezgi; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Seker, Erdal; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Ozisik, Mehmet Seckin; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Sarısoy, Doğacan; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Aslan, Batuhan; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Çakır, Maide Selin; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Demirtaş, Ferhan; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Ramoğlu, Mehmet Gökhan; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Uçar, Tayfun; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Erdeve, Omer; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Atasay, Begum; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Koc, Acar; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Arsan, Saadet: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1673
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Koo, Jenny; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Torres, Nohemi; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Katheria, Anup: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1680
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Moran, Patricia; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Sullivan, Kelsey; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Zanelli, Santina A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Burnsed, Jennifer: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1688
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Jabbour, Elias; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Patel, Sharina; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Lacroix, Guy; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Pechlivanoglou, Petros; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Shah, Prakesh S.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Beltempo, Marc; 
              
            
          
            
              
              
                
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                
                
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                
                  On behalf of the Canadian Preterm Birth Network Investigators Canadian Neonatal Network Investigators: 
                
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1697
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Sabloak, Thwisha; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Ryan, Isa; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Nahi, Skylar; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Eucalitto, Patrick; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Simon, Melissa A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Premkumar, Ashish: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1706
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Akbay Ak, Sinem; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Soysal, Buse; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Yangın Ergon, Ezgi; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kalkanlı, Oguz Han; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Ayhan, Yuce; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Alkan Ozdemir, Senem; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Calkavur, Sebnem; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Gokmen Yıldırım, Tulin: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1714
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Nayak, Sujir P.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Sánchez-Rosado, Mariela; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Reis, Jordan D.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Brown, L. Steven; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mangona, Kate L.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Sharma, Priya; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Nelson, David B.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Wyckoff, Myra H.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Pandya, Samir; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mir, Imran N.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Brion, Luc P.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1728
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Parikh, Pratik; 
              
            
          
            
              
              White, Robert D.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Tolia, Veeral N.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Reyburn, Brent; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Guillory, Charleta; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Ahmad, Kaashif A.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1736
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Carnicero, Luis Bachiller; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Carbonero, Sonia Caserío: