DOI:
        10.1055/s-00000009
      
      
        American Journal of Perinatology
      
      
        
          
            Issue 11 ·
           Volume 39 ·
           August 2022
            
          
           DOI: 10.1055/s-012-54855 
          
          
          
  
    
      
    
  
  
        
        
  
  
    
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
      
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
        
          
            
              
              
              
                
                  
                    
                    
                      
                          
                          
                            
                            SMFM Fellowship Series Article
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1145
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              DeBolt, Chelsea A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Roig, Jacqueline; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Spiera, Emily; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Goldberger, Cody; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kaplowitz, Elianna; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Toner, Lorraine; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Stone, Joanne; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Bianco, Angela: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1151
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Badreldin, Nevert; 
              
            
          
            
              
              DiTosto, Julia D.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Grobman, William; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Yee, Lynn M.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1159
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              McElwee, Eliza R.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Wilkinson, Kyla; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Crowe, Rebecca; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Newman, Jill C.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Alkis, Mallory; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Wineland, Rebecca; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Finneran, Matthew M.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                            
                            Editorial
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1166
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Lakshminrusimha, Satyan; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Hudak, Mark L.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Dimitriades, Victoria R.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Higgins, Rosemary D.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                            
                            Short Communication
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1172
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Gimovsky, Alexis C.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Pham, Amelie; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Gimovsky, Martin; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Wolf, Abigail: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                            
                            Original Article
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1176
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Weiss, Rebecca E.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Badreldin, Nevert; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Drexler, Kathleen; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Niznik, Charlotte; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Yee, Lynn M.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1183
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Megli, Christina; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Combs, C. Andrew; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Venkataramanan, Raman; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Lemon, Lara; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Caritis, Steve N.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1189
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Martinez, Noelle G.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Yee, Lynn M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Miller, Emily S.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1196
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Rouse, Caroline E.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Easter, Sarah Rae; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Duarte, Valeria E.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Drakely, Sheila; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Wu, Fred M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Valente, Anne Marie; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Economy, Katherine E.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1204
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Ondusko, Devlynne S.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Garg, Bharti; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Caughey, Aaron B.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Pilliod, Rachel A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Carter, Emily H.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1212
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Kuramoto, Goro; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Hammad, Ibrahim A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Einerson, Brett D.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Allshouse, Amanda A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Debbink, Michelle; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Grainger, David W.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Silver, Robert M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Okano, Teruo: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1223
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Joya, Rikizam M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Cottrell, Lesley; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kiefer, Autumn; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Polak, Mark J.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1229
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Hoshino, Yusuke; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Arai, Junichi; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Miura, Rena; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Takeuchi, Syusuke; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Yukitake, Yoshiya; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kajikawa, Daigo; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kamakura, Tae; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Horigome, Hitoshi: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1236
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Haga, Mitsuhiro; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Isobe, Mitsuhisa; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kawabata, Ken; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Shimizu, Masaki; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mochizuki, Hiroshi: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1241
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Zitouni, Sana; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Bouatrous, Emna; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Laabidi, Ons; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Boudrigua, Imen; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Chaouachi, Dorra; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Saidani, Naima; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kraiem, Imen; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Ayachi, Amira; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Abbes, Salem; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mourali, Mechaal; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Menif, Samia; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Ouragini, Houyem: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1248
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Silberberg, Agustín; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Etchegaray, Adolfo; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Juárez Peñalva, Sofía; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Villar, Marcelo J.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Musante, Gabriel: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1254
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Umran, Raid M.R.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Khalil, Roaa M.: