DOI:
        10.1055/s-00000009
      
      
        American Journal of Perinatology
       
      
        
          
            Issue 03 · 
           Volume 39 · 
           February 2022
            
           
           DOI: 10.1055/s-012-52806  
          
          
      
      
      
        
      
        
      
      
       
    
  
  
        
        
  
  
    
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                            SMFM Fellowship Series Article 
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
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              Ma'ayeh, Marwan; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Slivnick, Jeremy A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              McKiever, Monique E.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Garrett, Zachary D.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Lim, Woobeen; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Cackovic, Michael; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Rood, Kara M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Bradley, Elisa A.: 
              
            
          
       
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
 
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
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              Swanson, Kate; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Liang, Luzhou; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Grobman, William A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Higgins, Nicole; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Roy, Archana; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Son, Moeun: 
              
            
          
       
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
 
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
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              Dillon, Jacquelyn; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mitchell, Courtney J.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Ellett, Tressa; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Siegel, Anne; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Denoble, Anna E.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Dotters-Katz, Sarah K.: 
              
            
          
       
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
 
                      
                          
                          
                            Review Article 
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
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              Buca, Danilo; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Di Mascio, Daniele; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Khalil, Asma; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Acharya, Ganesh; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Van Mieghem, Tim; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Hack, Karien; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Murata, Masaharu; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Anselem, Olivia; 
              
            
          
            
              
              D'Amico, Alice; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Muzii, Ludovico; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Liberati, Marco; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Nappi, Luigi; 
              
            
          
            
              
              D'Antonio, Francesco: 
              
            
          
       
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
 
                      
                          
                          
                            Original Article 
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
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              Fishel Bartal, Michal; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Papanna, Ramesha; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Zacharias, Nikolaos M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Soriano-Calderon, Neomary; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Limas, Maria; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Blackwell, Sean C.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Chen, Han-Yang; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Chauhan, Suneet P.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Sibai, Baha M.: 
              
            
          
       
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
 
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
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              Shahroor, Maher; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Maarouf, Ahmad Mustafa; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Yang, Jie; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Yankanah, Rosanna; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Shah, Prakesh S.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mohamed, Adel: 
              
            
          
       
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
 
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
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              Smith, Christopher G.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Cottrill, Hope M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Barton, John R.: 
              
            
          
       
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
 
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
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              Cozzi, Gabriella D.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Blanchard, Christina T.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Champion, Macie L.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Todd, Allison; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Davis, Margaret; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Chandler-Laney, Paula; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Casazza, Krista; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Casey, Brian M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Tita, Alan T.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Szychowski, Jeff M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Subramaniam, Akila: 
              
            
          
       
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
 
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
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              Grover, Bryan; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Einerson, Brett D.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Keenan, Karissa D.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Gibbins, Karen J.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Callaway, Emily; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Lopez, Sarah; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Silver, Robert M.: 
              
            
          
       
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
 
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
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              Flower, Abigail; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Vasiliu, Daniel; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Zhu, Tianrui; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Andris, Robert; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Abubakar, Maryam; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Fairchild, Karen; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Zanelli, Santina; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Matsumoto, Julie; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mathur, Amit M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Delos, John; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Vesoulis, Zachary: 
              
            
          
       
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
 
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
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              Sabsabi, Bayane; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Huet, Cloe; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Rampakakis, Emmanouil; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Beltempo, Marc; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Brown, Richard; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Lodygensky, Gregory A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Piedboeuf, Bruno; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Wintermark, Pia: 
              
            
          
       
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
 
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
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              Ozimek, John A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Greene, Naomi; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Geller, Andrew; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Zakowski, Mark; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Wong, Melissa S.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Franco, Rachel; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kilpatrick, Sarah J.: 
              
            
          
       
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
 
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
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              Kawakita, Tetsuya; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Thomas, Alexandra; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Landy, Helain J.: 
              
            
          
       
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
 
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
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              Rao, Rakesh; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mietzsch, Ulrike; 
              
            
          
            
              
              DiGeronimo, Robert; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Hamrick, Shannon E.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Dizon, Maria L. V.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Lee, Kyong-Soon; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Natarajan, Girija; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Yanowitz, Toby D.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Peeples, Eric S.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Flibotte, John; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Wu, Tai-Wei; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Zaniletti, Isabella; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mathur, Amit M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Massaro, An: 
              
            
          
       
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
 
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
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              Alshaikh, Belal; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Cheung, Po-Yin; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Soliman, Nancy; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Brundler, Marie-Anne; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Yusuf, Kamran: