DOI:
        10.1055/s-00000181
      
      
        Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base
      
      
        
          
            Issue 06 ·
           Volume 80 ·
           December 2019
            
          
           DOI: 10.1055/s-009-44864 
          
          
          
  
    
      
    
  
  
        
        
  
  
    
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
        
          
            
              
              
              
                
                  
                    
                    
                      
                          
                          
                            
                            Original Article
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        547
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Anzalone, Charles Lane; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Glasgow, Amy; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Habermann, Elizabeth; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Grossard, Brandon R.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Van Gompel, Jamie J.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Carlson, Matthew L.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        555
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Anzalone, C. Lane; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Glasgow, Amy E.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Van Gompel, Jamie J.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Carlson, Matthew L.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        562
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Williams, Sally R.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Juratli, Tareq A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Castro, Brandyn A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Lazaro, Tyler T.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Gill, Corey M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Nayyar, Naema; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Strickland, Matthew R.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Babinski, Melanie; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Johnstone, Sarah E.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Frosch, Matthew P.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Silverman, Ian M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Ely, Heather A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kaplan, Alexander B.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              D'Andrea, Megan R.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Bihun, Ivanna V.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Hoang, Kaitlin; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Batchelor, Emily; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Christiansen, Jason; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Cahill, Daniel P.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Barker, Frederick G.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Brastianos, Priscilla K.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        568
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Maza, Guillermo; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Subramaniam, Somasundaram; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Yanez-Siller, Juan C.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Otto, Bradley A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Prevedello, Daniel M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Carrau, Ricardo L.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        577
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Reyes, Camilo; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Bentley, Heather; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Gelves, J. Alejandro; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Solares, C. Arturo; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Byrd, J. Kenneth: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        586
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Patnaik, Uma; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Panda, Smriti; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Thakar, Alok: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        593
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Miller, Craig; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Berens, Angelique; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Patel, Sapna A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Humphreys, Ian M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Moe, Kris S.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        599
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Feroze, Rafey A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              McDowell, Michael M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Balzer, Jeffrey; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Crammond, Donald J.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Thirumala, Partha; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Sekula, Raymond F.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        604
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Ates, Murat Samet; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Benzer, Murat; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kaya, Isa; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Biceroglu, Huseyin; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Ozgiray, Erkin; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Midilli, Rasit; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Karci, Halil Bulent; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Gode, Sercan: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        608
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Ferri, Gaetano; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Fermi, Matteo; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Alicandri-Ciufelli, Matteo; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Villari, Domenico; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Presutti, Livio: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        612
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Kidwai, Sarah M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Yang, Anthony; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Gray, Mingyang L.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              McKee, Sean; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Iloreta, Alfred Marc; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Shrivastava, Raj; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Govindaraj, Satish: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        620
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Arimappamagan, Arivazhagan; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Sadashiva, Nishanth; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kandregula, Sandeep; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Shukla, Dhaval; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Somanna, Sampath: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        626
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Achey, Rebecca L.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Karsy, Michael; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Azab, Mohammed A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Scoville, Jonathan; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kundu, Bornali; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Bowers, Christian A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Couldwell, William T.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        632
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Bartindale, Matthew Robert; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Tadokoro, Kent Sean; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kircher, Matthew Lowell: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        640
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Higgins, J. Nicholas; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Macfarlane, Robert; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Axon, Patrick R.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mannion, Richard A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Tysome, James R.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Donnelly, Neil; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Moffat, David A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Pickard, John D.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        648
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Epprecht, Lorenz; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kozin, Elliott D.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Piccirelli, Marco; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kanumuri, Vivek V.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Tarabichi, Osama; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Remenschneider, Aaron; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Barker, Frederick G.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              McKenna, Michael J.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Huber, Alexander M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Cunnane, Marybeth E.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Reinshagen, Katherine L.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Lee, Daniel J.: