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Methods Inf Med 2017; 56(01): 74-82
DOI: 10.3414/ME15-02-0008
Wearable Therapy
Schattauer GmbH

Unobtrusive and Continuous Monitoring of Alcohol-impaired Gait Using Smart Shoes

Eunjeong Park
1   Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
,
Sunghoon I. Lee
2   Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
,
Hyo Suk Nam
3   Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
,
Jordan H. Garst
4   Department of Neurosurgery, University of California in Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
,
Alex Huang
4   Department of Neurosurgery, University of California in Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
,
Andrew Campion
4   Department of Neurosurgery, University of California in Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
,
Monica Arnell
4   Department of Neurosurgery, University of California in Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
,
Nima Ghalehsariand
4   Department of Neurosurgery, University of California in Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
,
Sangsoo Park
5   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
,
Hyuk-jae Chang
6   Department of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
,
Daniel C. Lu
4   Department of Neurosurgery, University of California in Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
,
Majid Sarrafzadeh
7   Computer Science Department, University of California in Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
› Author AffiliationsThis study was supported by grants from the R&D Program of Fire Fighting Safety and 119 Rescue Technology , Ministry of Public Safety and Security, Republic of Korea (MPSS -2015 -70).
Further Information

Publication History

received: 26 October 2015

accepted in revised form: 27 July 2016

Publication Date:
22 January 2018 (online)

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Summary

Background: Alcohol ingestion influences sensory-motor function and the overall well-being of individuals. Detecting alcoholinduced impairments in gait in daily life necessitates a continuous and unobtrusive gait monitoring system.

Objectives: This paper introduces the development and use of a non-intrusive monitoring system to detect changes in gait induced by alcohol intoxication.

Methods: The proposed system employed a pair of sensorized smart shoes that are equipped with pressure sensors on the insole. Gait features were extracted and adjusted based on individual’s gait profile. The adjusted gait features were used to train a machine learning classifier to discriminate alcohol-impaired gait from normal walking. In experiment of pilot study, twenty participants completed walking trials on a 12 meter walkway to measure their sober walking and alcohol-impaired walking using smart shoes.

Results: The proposed system can detect alcohol-impaired gait with an accuracy of 86.2% when pressure value analysis and person-dependent model for the classifier are applied, while statistical analysis revealed that no single feature was discriminative for the detection of gait impairment.

Conclusions: Alcohol-induced gait disturbances can be detected with smart shoe technology for an automated monitoring in ubiquitous environment. We demonstrated that personal monitoring and machine learning-based prediction could be customized to detect individual variation rather than applying uniform boundary parameters of gait.

Keywords

Wearable devices - personal monitoring - gait analysis - alcohol monitoring - wireless healthcare
 

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