Regulated de novo biosynthesis of fibrinogen in extrahepatic epithelial cells in response to inflammation

Sarah O. Lawrence; Patricia J. Simpson-Haidaris

doi:10.1160/TH04-01-0024

Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Table of Contents

Thromb Haemost 2004; 92(02): 234-243
DOI: 10.1160/TH04-01-0024

Theme Issue Article

Schattauer GmbH

Regulated de novo biosynthesis of fibrinogen in extrahepatic epithelial cells in response to inflammation

Sarah O. Lawrence

¹Departments of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology Unit

,

Patricia J. Simpson-Haidaris

¹Departments of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology Unit

²Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

³Microbiology and Immunology University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Summary

Hepatic fibrinogen (FBG) is upregulated during an acute phase response (APR) induced by glucocorticoids and interleukin (IL)-6. Furthermore, intestine and lung epithelium synthesize FBG after exposure to inflammatory mediators, and both plasma and lung cell-derived FBG, along with fibronectin, assemble in detergent-insoluble extracellular matrices (ECM) of pneumocytes and fibroblasts independent of thrombin or plasmin cleavage. An epitope cryptic in soluble FBG (β^15-21) but exposed in matrix-FBG and fibrin induces cell proliferation and actin cytoskeleton reorganization during wound repair and angiogenesis. Although fibrin(ogen) is involved in hemostasis and homeostasis, mechanisms regulating extrahepatic FBG expression remain unexplored. Herein we examined FBG production by lung compared to liver epithelial cell lines in response to dexamethasone (DEX)+IL-6. Regulated synthesis of HepG2-FBG follows the pathway shown for constitutive synthesis by liver epithelium. Constitutive A549-FBG expression was not detectable, however, intracellular FBG precursors in DEX+IL-6-treated A549 lung cells were similar to HepG2 cells with two notable exceptions. The relative rate of chain synthesis in HepG2 cells was unequal, whereas nascent synthesis of all three chains occurred at equivalent rates in stimulated A549 cells. Unlike HepG2 cells, which rapidly secreted intact FBG, nascent dimeric FBG accumulated in the A549 cell-associated fraction prior to release into medium. Furthermore, soluble A549-FBG was susceptible to thrombin and plasmin cleavage. Interestingly, many functionally diverse proteins possess FBG-related domains that direct cell-fate determination during development or wound repair, suggesting that extrahepatic FBG biosynthesis evoked only during inflammation plays such a role during localized injury and repair to restore tissue homeostasis.

Keywords

Extrahepatic fibrinogen - wound repair - lung epithelium - thrombin - extracellular matrix

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References

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