Zusammenfassung
Die primäre ziliäre Dyskinesie ist eine angeborene Störung zilientragender Zellen
und beeinträchtigt den mukoziliären Transport durch eine unkoordinierte oder verlangsamte
Bewegung der Zilien. Frühe Diagnosestellung und eine entsprechende Therapie beeinflussen
die Prognose günstig. Daher sollte bei rezidivierender Bronchitis, Bronchiektasen
und atypischem Asthma bronchiale speziell im Kindesalter auch diese seltene Erkrankung
in Betracht gezogen werden. Die große Variabilität im klinischen Verlauf – je nach
Anzahl der betroffenen Zilien – und die Vielfalt der ultrastrukturellen Defekte in
den Flimmerhärchen der Betroffenen erschweren die Diagnose und bestätigen, dass der
Erkrankung unterschiedliche genetische Defekte zugrunde liegen. Derzeit werden ca.
300 Kandidatengene untersucht.
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is an autosomal recessive inherited disease characterized
by abnormal ciliary motion and impaired mucociliary clearance. The prevalence of PCD
is approximately 1 : 15 000 – 1 : 20 000 in live births. Cilia dysfunction is also
implicated in a wider spectrum of diseases due to impaired organ genesis and body
symmetry. Cilia are highly conserved in animals and show complex structures containing
more than 250 proteins for their formation. Recent studies have begun to locate the
PCD genes in the genome and characterize functional mutations. Specific diagnosis
of the ciliary dysfunction requires physiological measurements as well as light- and
electron microscopy. Abnormalities in ciliary motion and ultrastructural studies can
be performed with nasal mucosal epithelium.
Schlüsselwörter
ziliäre Dyskinesie - genetische Defekte - Situs inversus - Zilienfunktionsstörung
- Diagnostik - respiratorische Infekte
Key words
ciliary dyskinesia - genetic defects - situs inversus - ciliary dysfunction - diagnostic
- respiratory infection
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Dr. Rudolf Glückert
Medizinische Universität Innsbruck
Universitätsklinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde
HNO-Forschungslabor
Anichstraße 35
6020 Innsbruck
eMail: rudolf.glueckert@i-med.ac.at