Tomaten und Lykopin in Prävention und Therapie – Gibt es eine Evidenz bei Prostataerkrankungen?

Zusammenfassung

Tomaten wird eine Bedeutung in der Prävention und Therapie des Prostatakarzinoms (PCA) beigemessen. Darüber hinaus stellt sich die Frage, ob sie in der Primär- und Sekundärprävention der benignen Prostatahyperplasie (BPH) von Nutzen sind. Der folgende Beitrag fasst die Ergebnisse von Originalarbeiten zusammen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Interventionsstudien. Während epidemiologische Studien zur Prävention der BPH keine Hinweise auf ein präventives Potenzial von Tomaten und Tomatenprodukten geben, deutet die Mehrzahl aller Interventionsstudien auf eine verbesserte Resistenz der DNA vor Schäden, die durch oxidativen Stress induziert werden, hin. Auch wenn die Wirkung auf den IGF-Pathway aufgrund unzureichender Daten noch nicht abschließend bewertet werden kann, scheint der Konsum von Tomaten und Tomatenprodukten wahrscheinlich vor PCA zu schützen – dies gilt zumindest für wenig maligne Tumoren. Daher ist der regelmäßige Konsum dieser Lebensmittel zur Prävention des PCA empfehlenswert. Tomatenprodukte sind möglicherweise auch nützlich in der Therapie von BPH und PCA. Die Einnahme von isoliertem Lykopin schützt nicht vor der Entstehung eines PCA, könnte jedoch in Dosen, die auch durch Verzehr von Tomatenprodukten erreicht werden, in der Therapie des PCA sinnvoll sein.

Abstract

Tomatoes are discussed to have an important role in the prevention of and therapy for prostate cancer (PCA). Whether or not they are also useful in the primary and secondary prevention of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is not clear. This review summarises the results of original contributions with a focus on interventional studies. Whereas epidemiological studies on BPH prevention provide no evidence for a preventive potential of tomatoes and tomato products, the majority of interventional trials points to an increased DNA resistance against oxidative-induced damage. Even though their effect on a surrogate marker of the IGF pathway cannot be evaluated so far due to insufficient data, the consumption of tomatoes and tomato products may probably protect from PCA – at least when considering low-grade PCA. Thus, regular consumption of these foods can be recommended for the prevention of PCA. Tomato products might also be useful in the therapy for BPH and PCA. The intake of isolated lycopene does not protect from the development of PCA. However, in the doses achieved by consumption of tomato products, lycopene ingestion might also be effective in PCA therapy.

Schlüsselwörter

Tomaten - Lykopin - benigne Prostatahyperplasie - Prostatakarzinom - Evidenz

Key words

tomatoes - lycopene - benign prostate hyperplasia - prostate cancer - evidence

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