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DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1076812
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Erleben der Diagnosemitteilung und psychische Belastung bei Brustkrebspatientinnen
Perception of Cancer Disclosure and Psychological Distress in Breast Cancer PatientsPublication History
Publication Date:
20 June 2008 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Eine gute Arzt-Patient-Kommunikation bildet die Grundlage für eine vertrauensvolle Beziehung, gelungene Informationsvermittlung und gute Zusammenarbeit in der Behandlung einer schweren Erkrankung wie Brustkrebs. Die Studie untersucht das Erleben und die Zufriedenheit mit der Diagnosemitteilung sowie Zusammenhänge mit psychischer Belastung bei 1 083 Brustkrebspatientinnen, die über das Hamburgische Krebsregister rekrutiert wurden (Teilnahmequote 66 %). Die Diagnosestellung lag durchschnittlich 47 Monate zurück (Range 18-78). Neben Fragen zum Erleben der Diagnosemitteilung wurden validierte Fragebogen zur Erfassung von Angst, Depressivität, sozialer Unterstützung, Krankheitsbewältigung und Lebensqualität eingesetzt. Die Situation der Diagnosemitteilung wird von 60 % der Patientinnen als positiv eingeschätzt; 23,5 % wurden von einer vertrauten Person begleitet. 90 % der Patientinnen, die begleitet wurden, schätzen dies als positiv ein, während ein knappes Drittel der Patientinnen, denen die Diagnose allein mitgeteilt wurde, diese Situation als negativ wahrnahmen (p < 0,001). Patientinnen, die von einer vertrauten Person begleitet wurden, haben ein höheres Tumorstadium, schätzen die Diagnose als belastender ein, haben ein höheres Ausmaß an Progredienzangst, sozialer Unterstützung sowie emotionsbezogener Krankheitsverarbeitung und erhielten die Diagnose häufiger in einem Krankenhaus als in einer ambulanten Praxis (p-Werte ≤ 0,05). Insgesamt erlebten Frauen, die die Situation der Diagnosemitteilung (Begleitung / keine Begleitung) als positiv einschätzen, die Diagnose Brustkrebs als psychisch weniger belastend als Patientinnen, die die Situation als negativ bewerteten (p < 0,001). Patientinnen, die mit der Diagnosemitteilung unzufrieden waren, haben eine höhere psychische Belastung und geringere psychische Lebensqualität sowie häufiger den Wunsch nach psychosozialer Unterstützung (p < 0,05). Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Bedeutung der Berücksichtigung der Bedürfnisse der Patientinnen für die Zufriedenheit mit der Diagnosestellung.
Abstract
A good doctor-patient communication is central to a trustful relationship, successful patient education and good compliance during the treatment of a severe illness such as breast cancer. This study investigated the perception and satisfaction with breast cancer disclosure and its association with psychological distress in 1 083 breast cancer patients recruited through the Hamburg cancer registry an average of 47 month following diagnosis (range 18-78) (66 % response rate). Questions for the measurement of perceptions of the breast cancer disclosure and validated self-report questionnaires to assess anxiety, depression, social support, coping and quality of life were used. 60 % of patients perceive the situation of the cancer disclosure as positive; 23.5 % were accompanied by a person familiar with the patient. 90 % of those patients accompanied perceived this fact as positive, whereas nearly one third of the patients that were told the cancer diagnosis alone perceived this situation as negative (p < 0.001). Patients accompanied by a person familiar with the patient had a higher tumor stage, estimated the cancer diagnosis as more distressing, had higher levels of fear of cancer progression, social support, emotion-based coping and received the diagnosis more often within a hospital than in an outpatient care facility (p-values ≤ 0.05). Patients who perceive the situation of cancer disclosure (accompaniment / no accompaniment) as positive, experience the breast cancer diagnosis as psychologically less distressing as patients who perceive this situation as negative (p < 0.001). Patients that were not satisfied with the cancer disclosure were observed to have higher levels of psychological distress, a lower mental quality of life and expressed more often the need for psychosocial support (p < 0.05). Results emphasize the importance of the consideration of patients needs for the satisfaction with a breast cancer disclosure.
Schlüsselwörter
Diagnosemitteilung - Brustkrebs - psychische Belastung
Key words
cancer disclosure - breast cancer - psychological distress
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Dr. phil. A. Mehnert
Institut und Poliklinik für Medizinische Psychologie · Zentrum für Psychosoziale Medizin
· Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
Martinistr. 52-S 35
20246 Hamburg
Phone: +49 / 40 / 4 28 03 62 03
Fax: +49 / 40 / 4 28 03 49 40
Email: mehnert@uke.uni-hamburg.de