ABSTRACT
Approximately 140,000 to 200,000 patients die as a result of pulmonary embolism in
the United States each year. If the diagnosis is made and therapy initiated, the mortality
rate drops to 8%. Vena cava filters play a role in the management of patients with
thromboembolic disease. Deployment of “optional” filters is changing practice paradigms.
KEYWORDS
Pulmonary embolism - venous thromboembolic disease - inferior vena cava filters
REFERENCES
- 1
Dalen J E, Alpert J S.
Natural history of pulmonary embolism.
Prog Cardiovasc Dis.
1975;
17
259-270
- 2
Mobin-Uddin K, Utley J R, Bryant L R.
The inferior vena cava umbrella filter.
Prog Cardiovasc Dis.
1975;
17
391-399
- 3 Venbrux A C. The “Optional” (Permanent or Retrievable) IVC Filter: The Future of
Caval Interruption, 30th Vascular and Endovascular Issues, Techniques, Horizons (Veith
Symposium). New York, NY; November 20-23, 2003
- 4
Matsumoto A H.
Acute pulmonary embolism: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. 1992 RSNA refresher
course handout for course 214B.
Radiology.
1992;
185
49
- 5
The PIOPED Investigators .
Value of ventilation/perfusion scan in acute pulmonary embolism diagnosis (PIOPED).
JAMA.
1990;
263
2753-2759
- 6
Teigen C L, Maus T P, Sheedy II P F.
Pulmonary embolism: diagnosis with contrast-enhanced electron-beam CT and comparison
with pulmonary angiography.
Radiology.
1995;
194
313-319
- 7
Remy-Jardin M, Remy J, Wattinne L, Giraud F.
Central pulmonary thromboembolism: diagnosis with spiral volumetric CT with a single-breath-hold
technique: comparison with pulmonary angiography.
Radiology.
1992;
185
381-387
- 8
Posteraro R H, Sostman H D, Spritzer C E, Herfkens R J.
Cine-gradient-refocused MR imaging of central pulmonary emboli.
AJR Am J Roentgenol.
1989;
152
465-468
- 9
White R D, Winkler M L, Higgins C B.
MR imaging of pulmonary arterial hypertension and pulmonary emboli.
AJR Am J Roentgenol.
1987;
149
15-21
- 10
Dorfman G S.
Percutaneous inferior vena caval filters.
Radiology.
1990;
174
987-992
- 11
Urokinase pulmonary embolism trial: phase 1 results.
JAMA.
1970;
214
2163-2172
- 12
Urokinase-streptokinase embolism trial: phase 2 results.
JAMA.
1974;
229
1606-1613
- 13
Anderson D R, Levine M N.
Thrombolytic therapy for treatment of acute pulmonary embolism.
CMAJ.
1992;
146
1317-1324
- 14
Greenfield L J, Langham M R.
Surgical approaches to thromboembolism.
Br J Surg.
1984;
71
968-970
- 15
Timsit J F, Reynaud P, Meyer G, Sors H.
Pulmonary embolectomy by catheter device in massive pulmonary embolism.
Chest.
1991;
100
655-658
- 16
Mewissen M W, Seabrook G R, Meissner M H, Cynamon J, Labropoulos N, Haughton S H.
Catheter-directed thrombolysis for lower extremity deep venous thrombosis: report
of a National Multicenter Registry.
Radiology.
1999;
211
39-49
- 17
Kuszyk B S, Venbrux A C, Samphilipo M A et al..
Subcutaneously tethered temporary filter: pathologic effects in swine.
J Vasc Interv Radiol.
1995;
6
895-902
- 18
Brountzos E N, Kaufman J A, Venbrux A C et al..
A new optional vena cava filter: retrieval at 12 weeks in an animal model.
J Vasc Interv Radiol.
2003;
14
763-772
- 19
Asch M R.
Initial experience in humans with a new retrievable inferior vena cava filter.
Radiology.
2002;
225
835-844
- 20 Savader S J.
Inferior vena cava filters. In: Savader SJ, Trerotola SO Venous Interventional Radiology with Clinical Perspectives. New
York; Thieme Medical Publishers 1996: 367-399
- 21 Girard M S, Kaufman J A, Lau T N, Morrid C S, Oliva V, Parr C. Inferior Vena Cava
Filtration. SIR Meeting Workshop Book March 27 to April 1, 2003: 349-353
- 22
Sarani B, Chun A, Venbrux A.
Role of optional (retrievable) IVC filters in surgical patients at risk for venous
thromboembolic disease.
J Am Coll Surg.
2005;
201
957-964
Anthony C VenbruxM.D.
Professor of Radiology and Surgery, Director, Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology,
The George Washington University Medical Center
900 23rd Street, Ground Floor, Room 2092, Washington, DC 20037
Email: avenbrux@mfa.gwu.edu