Funktionelle Bildgebung von Emotionen und emotionalen Dysfunktionen bei schizophrenen Patienten

Zusammenfassung

Emotionen rücken, wenngleich schon in früher psychiatrischer Fachliteratur thematisiert, erst jetzt wieder zunehmend in den Fokus neuropsychiatrischer Forschung. Dies ist einerseits auf die herausragende Bedeutung für die Symptomatologie psychiatrischer Erkrankungen, andererseits aber auch auf die technische Weiterentwicklung im Bereich der funktionellen Bildgebung zurückzuführen. Diese erst ermöglicht die notwendigen komplexen Untersuchungsparadigmen. Insbesondere schizophrene Patienten zeigen in verschiedenen Studien zu emotionalen Prozessen Defizite, z. B. bei Paradigmen der Stimmungsinduktion oder der Emotionsdiskrimination. Diskutiert wird insbesondere, inwiefern emotionale Dysfunktionen über verschiedene Phasen der Erkrankung, möglicherweise bereits im Prodromalstadium, nachweisbar sind. Hierfür ist es hilfreich, auch jugendliche Patienten mit ersten psychosenahen Symptomen zu untersuchen. Für die Zukunft wird es von besonderer Bedeutung sein, den Einfluss von Emotionen auf kognitive Funktionen bei Gesunden und bei psychiatrischen Patienten zu untersuchen und differenzielle Unterschiede zu charakterisieren.

Abstract

Emotions have been discussed in earliest psychiatric literature as core characteristics of psychiatric patients. More recently emotions got back into the focus of modern neuropsychiatric imaging research. This is due to the outstanding importance of emotions for psychiatric symptomatology and also to recent technical developments in neuroimaging, which lay the ground for more complex paradigms. Especially schizophrenic patients show deficits in emotional functioning, such as in mood induction or emotion discrimination. It is subject to discussion how stable these dysfunctions are over the course of schizophrenia, e. g. in prodromal stage. Therefore research also deals with juvenile patients with schizophrenia-like symptoms. In the future it will be essential to characterize the effect of emotions on cognitive functions in healthy subjects and psychiatric patients.

Schlüsselwörter

Emotionen - Schizophrenie - Bildgebung

Key words

emotions - schizophrenia - imaging

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