Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Die Kenntnis der Plaquemorphologie der Arteria carotis interna spielt zunehmend eine
wesentliche Rolle zur Evaluation der Patienten vor Interventionen, da in früheren
Studien gezeigt werden konnte, dass Plaques mit einem niedrigen Grauwert eine höhere
Komplikationsrate mit sich bringen. Eine immer wieder angegebene Limitation der Ultraschalldiagnostik
ist eine lediglich zweidimensionale Darstellung in einer Schallebene, welche zur Berechnung
des medianen Grauwertes herangezogen wird. Material und Methoden: An 24 Thrombendarteriektomie-Präparaten von 19 Patienten wurden anhand von 3D-Datensätzen
insgesamt 71 Schnitte untersucht. Die Ultraschalldatensätze wurden mit einem 10-MHz-Schallkopf
im 3D-Modus unter Zuhilfenahme einer speziellen Messkammer gewonnen und von zwei Untersuchern
ausgewertet. Zusätzlich wurde von den Präparaten im B-Bild-Modus ein Longitudinal-Schnitt
nach einem standardisierten Protokoll angefertigt. Ergebnisse: Es zeigte sich eine hochsignifikante Korrelation der medianen Grauwertverteilung
zwischen zwei Untersuchern (p < 0,001, Intraclass Correlation [ICC] > 0,895) und zwischen
Untersuchungen zu unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten bei der Auswertung der 2D- und 3D-Datensätze
(p < 0,001, ICC > 0,935). Im Vergleich der Auswertung der Querschnitte aus dem 3D-Datensatz
und dem B-Bild der Längsschnitte zeigte sich ebenfalls eine hochsignifikante Assoziation
zwischen den zwei Methoden (p < 0,001, R = 0,800). 92,7 % der Messungen lagen innerhalb
den „Limits of agreement” als Zeichen einer hohen Übereinstimmung zwischen den Methoden.
Schlussfolgerung: Durch diese standardisierte „In-vitro”-Untersuchung konnte bei der Evaluation der
Echogenität keine Überlegenheit der dreidimensionalen gegenüber der zweidimensionalen
Sonografie von Plaques der extrakraniellen Arteria carotis interna nachgewiesen werden.
Abstract
Purpose: Previous studies have demonstrated that plaques from the internal carotid artery
with lower median grayscale values are associated with higher complication rates in
the perinterventional course. A repeatedly cited limitation of ultrasound is that
the single plane used to calculate the median grayscale value is only two dimensional.
The goal of this study was to compare the median grayscale value as determined using
two dimensional cuts versus three dimensional data sets. Materials and Methods: Seventy-one cuts of 24 thromboendarterectomy samples from 19 patients were analyzed
using 3D data sets. The ultrasound data sets were obtained using a 10 MHz probe in
3D mode in a special chamber and were evaluated by two investigators. Additionally,
a longitudinal view of the samples was made using B mode according to a standardized
protocol. Results: There was a significant correlation between the 2D and 3D data as assessed by two
observers (p < 0.001, intraclass correlation [ICC] > 0.895) and at different times
(p < 0,001, ICC > 0.935). Comparison of the 3D transverse cuts with the longitudinal
B mode cuts also showed a highly significant association between the two methods (p
< 0.001, R = 0.800). 97.2 % of the measured values were within the limits of agreement,
reflecting the concordance of the both methods. Conclusion: The superiority of three dimensional ultrasound with respect to two dimensional ultrasound
was not able to be demonstrated using this standardized in vitro procedure to examine
the echolucency in extracranial internal carotid artery plaques.
Key words
carotid arteries - ischemia/infarction - 3D ultrasound
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Dr. Christian Denzel
Departement of Surgery, University of Erlangen, Vascular Surgery
Krankenhausstraße 12
91054 Erlangen
Phone: ++ 49/91 31/8 53 29 68
Fax: ++ 49/91 31/8 53 91 15
Email: christian.denzel@chir.imed.uni-erlangen.de