Soziale Kontakte und Depression bei geriatrischen Patienten: Gibt es einen Einfluss von Geschlecht?

Zusammenfassung

Depression gehört zu den häufigsten affektiven Erkrankungen. Die Ermittlung von beeinflussbaren Faktoren, die mit Depression assoziiert sind, stellt eine wichtige Voraussetzung für Präventionsmaßnahmen dar. Bei 580 geriatrischen Patienten des Klinikums Neuperlach wurden in einer Querschnittstudie Daten zu sozialen Faktoren erhoben. In der vorliegenden Arbeit ist mit Hilfe ordinaler logistischer Regression ihre Assoziation mit Depression (klinische Diagnose mittels ICD-10) und depressiven Symptomen (GDS) untersucht worden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Auftreten von depressiven Symptomen und von Depression mit geringeren sozialen Kontakten und weniger Unterstützung assoziiert war, auch nach Adjustierung für andere Risikofaktoren (zum Beispiel körperliche Beeinträchtigung und Demenz). Dieser Zusammenhang war bei Frauen (zum Beispiel depressive Symptome: mäßig versus viel Kontakte: OR=2,7; 95% KI: 1,8-4,1) deutlicher ausgeprägt als bei Männern (OR=1,3; 95% KI: 0,7-2,4). Ob Frauen jedoch stärker von Programmen zur Förderung von sozialer Unterstützung profitieren könnten als Männer, ist ein wichtiger Aspekt, der zukünftig noch in prospektiven Studien zu klären ist.

Abstract

Depression is one of the most common affective illnesses. The investigation of changeable factors that are associated with depression is an important condition for the establishment of preventive measures. In a cross-sectional study, data on social factors were recorded from 580 geriatric patients of the municipal hospital in Munich. Ordinal logistic regression was used to analyse their association with depression (clinical diagnoses by ICD-10) and depressive symptoms (GDS). The results indicate that the occurrence of depressive symptoms and of depression was associated with less social contacts and less support, even after adjustment for other risk factors (for example, physical and cognitive impairment). This association was more distinct for women (for example, depressive symptoms: moderate versus much contact: OR=2.7; 95% CI: 1.8-4.1) than for men (OR=1.3; 95% CI: 0.7-2.4). Further research is needed to investigate whether women could benefit more than men from programmes promoting social support.

Schlüsselwörter

Depression - GDS - soziale Kontakte - Gender - Geriatrie

Key words

Depression - GDS - social contact - gender - geriatrics

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