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DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-963534
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Entwicklung von sozioökonomischen Charakteristika, Lebensqualität und Wissensstand bei Patienten mit Hepatitis C während des Projektes Kompetenznetz Hepatitis
Changes in Socio-Economics, Quality of Life and Knowledge of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C During the Hepatitis Competence Net ProjectPublication History
Manuskript eingetroffen: 4.7.2007
Manuskript akzeptiert: 15.8.2007
Publication Date:
11 January 2008 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Ziele und Methodik: Die prospektive Studie der Deutschen Leberhilfe e. V. und des Kompetenznetzes Hepatitis analysiert Daten aus der Lebens- und Berufswelt sowie die Lebensqualität (SF12) von HCV-Infizierten mithilfe standardisierter Fragebogen. Ein erster Fragebogen erfasste vor 3œ Jahren 714 HCV-Infizierte, die nun einen zweiten Fragebogen erhielten. Der zweite Fragebogen wurde von 503 der 714 Personen zurückgesandt (71 %). Ergebnisse: Die mentalen und physischen SF 12-Scores stiegen gegenüber dem ersten Fragebogen von 41,2 auf 42,5 bzw. von 41,9 auf 42,9 an; diese Verbesserung war nicht signifikant (p > 0,1) und die Lebensqualität blieb gegenüber der Allgemeinbevölkerung (Scores von 50 Punkten) deutlich reduziert (p < 0,05). Bei Patienten mit negativer HCV-RNA stiegen die Scores hingegen gegenüber der Voranalyse um 6,9 bzw. 4,0 Punkte (p < 0,01), wahrend die Scores bei Personen mit F 2 - 4-Fibrose um 2,4 bzw. 2,5 Punkte sanken (p < 0,05). Die SF 12-Scores korrelierten eng mit dem Stadium von Entzündung und Fibrose (p je < 0,001). Die Lebensqualität war auch mit sozioökonomischen Charakteristika assoziiert: Sie stieg mit höherem Schulabschluss und sank mit Problemen im Arbeitsleben. Viele HCV-Infizierte waren ohne Arbeit (18 %) oder berentet (25 % der unter 65-Jährigen); 60 % der Berenteten erhielt eine Erwerbsunfähigkeitsrente, 37 % als Folge der HCV-Infektion. Personen mit öffentlichem Arbeitgeber hatten eine schlechtere Lebensqualität als die mit privatem Arbeitgeber und Selbstständige. Mit dem Auftreten einer Komplikation der Lebererkrankung sanken die SF 12-Scores deutlich. Nur 37 % aller HCV-Infizierten hatten eine Lebens- und nur 9 % eine Berufsunfähigkeitsversicherung (2 - 3-fach seltener als in der Allgemeinbevölkerung). Lebens- und Berufsunfähigkeitsversicherungen waren in 17 bzw. 53 % der Anträge abgelehnt worden; die Ablehnungsraten waren noch höher als in der Vorumfrage. Schlussfolgerungen: Die prospektive Nachuntersuchung zeigt, dass die Elimination der HCV-RNA auch dauerhaft zum Anstieg der dann fast normalen Lebensqualität führt. Auf der anderen Seite erleiden HCV-Infizierte mit fortbestehender Virusreplikation insbesondere bei deutlicher Fibrose eine Verschlechterung ihrer Lebensqualität. Die HCV-Infektion führt bei vielen Betroffenen zu sozioökonomischen Problemen mit Versicherungen, Arbeitslosigkeit und vorzeitiger Berentung. Diese indirekten Folgen der Erkrankung führen zu einer weiteren Verschlechterung der Lebensqualität.
Abstract
Aims and Methods: The study of the Patient Support Group Deutsche Leberhilfe e. V. and the Federal Hepatitis Competence Net prospectively analysed questionnaires about quality of life (SF12) and socio-economical data of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). A 1st questionnaire 3œ years ago gathered information in 714 CHC patients all of whom now received a 2nd questionnaire which was sent back by 503 subjects (71 %). Results: Both mental and physical SF 12 scores remained markedly decreased compared with scores for the general population which approximate 50 points (p < 0.001). When compared to values obtained 3œ years ago, mental scores increased from 41.2 to 42.5 and physical scores from 41.9 to 42.9 (changes not significant by analysis of variance; p > 0.05). However, in patients with negative HCV-RNA, physical and mental scores significantly increased by 6.9 and 4.0 points (p < 0.01). In contrast, mental and physical scores decreased by 2.4 and 2.5 points during follow-up in patients with fibrosis (Metavir F 2 - 4) (p < 0.05). SF 12-scores closely correlated with degrees of inflammation and fibrosis (p < 0.001, respectively). Quality of life was associated with socio-economical data and gradually increased with higher school graduation. A high percentage of patients with CHC were unemployed (18 %); of patients aged 65 years, 25 % were already retired; 60 % of the retired subjects received a disability pension, 37 % because of CHC. Unemployed patients had lower SF 12 scores than patients with a job. Subjects with public employers had significantly lower SF 12 scores than privately or self-employed subjects. Complications of CHC markedly reduced SF 12 scores. Just 37 % of subjects had a life insurance and only 9 % had an insurance of occupational invalidity (values 2 - 3-times lower than those in the general German population). Insurance applications for life and occupational invalidity had been denied in 17 and 53 %, respectively; the denial values were even higher than in the 1st questionnaire. Conclusions: The prospective follow-up shows that quality of life continuously improves after elimination of HCV, whereas mental and physical health get increasingly worse with ongoing fibrosis. The analysis demonstrates that many CHC subjects have severe socio-economical problems leading to unemployment, early retirement and lack of appropriate insurances. These problems further reduce the quality of life in CHC.
Schlüsselwörter
Hepatitis-C-Virus - Lebensqualität - Leberzirrhose - Leberbiopsie - Interferon - Ribavirin
Key words
hepatitis C virus - quality of life - liver cirrhosis - liver biopsy - interferon - ribavirin
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Prof. Claus Niederau
St.-Josef-Hospital, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Universität Duisburg-Essen
Mülheimer Str. 83
46045 Oberhausen
Phone: ++ 49/2 08/83 73 01
Fax: ++ 49/2 08/83 73 09
Email: claus.niederau@st-josef.de