Zusammenfassung
Einleitung: Die Diskussion zur D2 -Dissektion beim Magenkarzinom wird hinsichtlich ihrer prognostischen Relevanz und ihres perioperativen Risikos (Morbidität/Letalität) kontrovers geführt. Patienten und Methoden: In Analyse prospektiv dokumentierter Daten wurde das Langzeitüber-leben und die perioprative Morbidität und Letalität R0 -resezierter Patienten (1986-2000) in Abhängigkeit vom Ausmass der LK-Dissektion untersucht. Ergebnisse: Von 281 R0 -resezierten Patienten wurden 143 mit D2 - und 138 mit D1 -Dissektion operiert. Beide Gruppen wiesen keine Unterschiede in der perioperativen Komplikations- (36% vs. 38%) und Letalitätsrate auf (4% vs. 5%). Eingriffserweiterungen hingegen führten zu einer signifikanten Zunahme perioperativer Komplikationen (45% vs. 30%; p=0.008). Im Gesamtkollektiv unterschied sich das 5-Jahresüberleben von D2 - und D1 -Dissezierten nicht wesentlich (49% vs. 43%; p=0.283). Subgruppenanalysen zeigten divergierende Ergebnisse. Bei 74 Patienten mit höheren Tumorstadien (pTX pN2/3) war der Unterschied im 5-Jahresüberleben zwischen D2 - und D1 -Dissezierten nicht signifikant (16% vs. 5%; p=0.249), während von 207 Patienten mit niedri-geren Tumorstadien (pTX pN0/1) die D2 -Dissezierten ein signifikant besseres 5-Jahresüberleben aufwiesen (68% vs. 50%; p=0.003). Dies traf vor allem auf die jüngeren Patienten (<65 Jahre; n=96) zu, deren 5-Jahresüberlebensrate 84% bei D2 - und 57% bei D1 -Dissektion betrug (p<0.001), während sich bei den älteren Patienten (>65 Jahre; n=111) keine wesentlichen Unter-schiede fanden (48% vs. 45%; p=0.847). Schlussfolgerung: Eine D2 -Dissektion ist nicht zwangsläufig mit einer erhöhten perioperativen Morbidität/Letalität verbunden und scheint bei Patienten mit fehlendem oder moderatem LK-Befall (pN0-1) eine Prognoseverbesserung zu bewirken. Sie sollte somit die Standardradikalität bei jedem mit kurativem Anspruch operierten Patienten sein.
Abstract
D2 -Lymphadenectomy in gastric cancer: Prognostic benefit or increased perioperative risk? The discussion about prognostic relevance and perioperative morbidity and mortality in gastric cancer surgery caused by systematic lymphadenectomy (D2 -dissection) is still controversial. The impact of D2 - and D1 -dissection on long term survival and perioperative morbidity and mortality was evaluated analysing prospectively documentated data of 281 R0 -resected gastric cancer patients (time period: 1986-2000; sex ratio: m:f=2:1; mean age: 64 years). Perioperative morbidity (36% vs 38%) and hospital mortality (4% vs 5%) did not differ significantly between D2 - and D1 -dissection groups. In contrast, perioperative morbidity increased significantly in multivisceral surgery from 30% to 45% (p=0.008) and perioperative mortality was doubled (3% vs 6%; p=0.293). D2 -dissection was carried out in 143 patients and 138 patients were treated with D1 -dis-section. Comparing all 281 R0 -resected patients we did not find significant differences in 5-year survival (49% vs 43% p=0.283) between both groups. In subgroup analysis patients with pTX pN2/3 tumor stages (n=74) did not significantly benefit from D2 -dissection (5 year survival: 16% vs 5%; p=0.249). However, the 207 patients with pTXpN0/1 tumor stages demonstrated a signi-ficantly better 5 year survival rate following D2 -dissection (68% vs 50%; p=0.003). Especially patients younger than 65 years of age (n=96) with pTXpN0/1 tumor stages took advantage from D2 -dissection. The 5 year survival was 84% in 49 D2 - and 57% in 47 D1 -dissections (p<0.001). In 111 pTXpN0/1 patients older than 65 years of age the long term survival between D2 - and D1 -dissection groups was not significantly different (48% vs 45%; p=0.847). D2 -dissection should be carried out in all gastrectomies with curative intent, because perioperative morbidity and mortality are not increased by D2 -dissection and long term survival is improved in patients having no lymphnode metastases (pTXpN0) or only a moderate lymphnode involvement (pTXpN1).
Schlüsselwörter
Magenkarzinom - D2 -Dissektion - Morbidität und Letalität - Langzeitprognose
Key words
Gastric cancer - D2 -lymphadenectomy - morbidity and mortality - long term survival
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Prof. Dr. H.-D. Röher
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