Abstract
Information about habitual food intake was systematically obtained from elite endurance,
strength, and team sport athletes. The athletes (n = 419) trained at least 1-2 h daily
and competed on an international level.
A 4- or 7-day food diary was kept. For analysis of the data, a computerized food table
was used. Mean energy intake varied from 12.1-24.7 MJ per day for male and 6.8-12.9
MJ per day for female athletes. Protein intake was in agreement with or higher than
the Dutch recommendations. Contribution of carbohydrate intake to total energy intake
varied from 40%-63%. Fat intake tended to meet the criteria for a prudent diet (<35%).
Snacks contributed about 35% to the total energy intake and the bread/cereals and
dairy food groups were the most important energy sources. It is concluded that in
general there are two major concerns.
In those sports in which body composition plays an important role, energy and thus
nutrient intake is often marginal. In all groups of athletes intake of carbohydrate
is insufficient.
Key words
nutritional habits - elite athletes - energy - carbohydrate - protein - fat
