Free-Air Exposure Systems to Scale up Ozone Research to Mature Trees

D. F. Karnosky; H. Werner; T. Holopainen; K. Percy; T. Oksanen; E. Oksanen; C. Heerdt; P. Fabian; J. Nagy; W. Heilman; R. Cox; N. Nelson; R. Matyssek

doi:10.1055/s-2006-955915

Plant Biology, Table of Contents

Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2007; 9(2): 181-190
DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-955915

Review Article

Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart KG · New York

Free-Air Exposure Systems to Scale up Ozone Research to Mature Trees

D. F. Karnosky¹ , H. Werner² , T. Holopainen³ , K. Percy⁴ , T. Oksanen³ , E. Oksanen³ ^, ⁵ , C. Heerdt² , P. Fabian² , J. Nagy⁶ , W. Heilman⁷ , R. Cox⁴ , N. Nelson⁸ , R. Matyssek⁹

¹School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
²Department of Ecology, Ecoclimatology, Technical University of Munich, Am Hochanger 13, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
³Ecological Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, University of Kuopio, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
⁴NRCAN Canadian Forest Service - Atlantic Forestry Centre, P.O. Box 4000, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5P7, Canada
⁵Department of Biology, University of Joensuu, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
⁶Brookhaven National Laboratory, 30 Bell Avenue, Upton 11973, New York, USA
⁷USDA Forest Service, 1407 S. Harrison Road, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
⁸USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 5985 Hwy. K, Rhinelander, WI 54501, USA
⁹Department of Ecology, Ecophysiology of Plants, Technical University of Munich, Am Hochanger 13, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany

Abstract

Because seedlings and mature trees do not necessarily respond similarly to O₃ stress, it is critically important that exposure systems be developed that allow exposure of seedlings through to mature trees. Here we describe three different O₃ Free-Air Exposure Systems that have been used successfully for exposure at all growth stages. These systems of spatially uniform O₃ release have been shown to provide reliable O₃ exposure with minimal, if any, impact on the microclimate. This methodology offers a welcome alternative to chamber studies which had severe space constraints precluding stand or community-level studies and substantial chamber effects on the microclimate and, hence physiological tree performance.

Key words

Free-air - greenhouse gases - ozone - mature trees - sugar maple (Acer saccharum) - paper birch (Betula papyrifera) - trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) - European beech (Fagus sylvatica) - Norway spruce (Picea abies) - European white birch (Betula pendula).

Full Text

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D. F. Karnosky

School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science
Michigan Technological University

1400 Townsend Drive

Houghton, MI 49931

USA

Email: karnosky@mtu.edu

Editor: H. Rennenberg