Unfallgefährdung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit/ Hyperaktivitätsstörung

Bis vor kurzer Zeit war die Frage, ob ADHS-betroffene Kinder und Jugendliche im Vergleich zu Nichtbetroffenen in höherem Maße unfallgefährdet sind, umstritten. Frühe Studien legten dies nahe, aber Davidson 1987 und Wazana 1997 kritisierten, dass diese häufig Daten nur retrospektiv erfassten, die wiederum nur auf Berichte von Eltern statt offiziellen Krankenhausdaten basierten und sozioökonomische sowie Umgebungsfaktoren nicht ausreichend berücksichtigten. Seit 1997 gibt es aber neue Untersuchungen mit z.T. großen Fallzahlen, die eindeutige Hinweise erbringen, dass Kinder und Jugendliche mit ADHS nicht nur in deutlich höherem Maße unfallgefährdet sind, sondern auch schwerere Unfälle erleiden. Da in den meisten Studien der Anteil ADHS-betroffener Kinder sehr gering ist, scheint die wahre Anzahl der Unfälle, die im Zusammenhang mit ADHS stehen, sogar noch deutlich unterschätzt zu werden.

Until recently it has been controversial whether children and adolescents with ADHD are more accident-prone compared to their peers and to what extent. Early studies seem to suggest this perception, but Davidson (1987) and Wazana (1997) criticised most of them for being retrospective, relying on parental report instead of hospital charts, while disregarding socio-economic and environmental factors. Since 1997, however, new studies of a greater number of cases have provided results heavily supporting the conviction that children and adolescents (and probably adults) with ADHD face higher risks of being injured in accidents than their peers. Since in most of these studies the number of ADHD-affected children is rather low, the true injury rate in children and adolescents with ADHD might still be severely underestimated.

Key Words

hyperactivity - attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - injuries - accidents

Literatur

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