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Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2007; 75(12): 699-707
DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-944298
Übersicht
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Kreative Therapieansätze in der Behandlung von Demenzen - eine systematische Übersicht

Creative Therapy Options for Patients with Dementia - A Systematic ReviewB.  Schmitt1 , L.  Frölich1
  • 1Abteilung für Gerontopsychiatrie, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Mannheim
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Publication History

Publication Date:
17 November 2006 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Das Spezifische kreativer Therapien liegt in der Aktivierung schöpferischer Potenziale des Patienten im Sinne der Krankheitsbewältigung, Neuorientierung und Förderung der Lebensqualität. Kreative Therapieansätze zur Behandlung der Demenzpatienten bieten den Vorteil, dass sie auf einer nonverbalen Ebene mit dem Patienten arbeiten können, dessen Kognition und häufig sprachliche Mitteilung beeinträchtigt ist. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt eine systematische Übersicht über Studien, die von der Anwendung der kreativen Therapien „Musik-, Kunst-, Drama- und Tanztherapie” in folgenden Datenbanken zu finden waren (Mai 2005): Medline, Psyndex Plus, PsychInfo und Cochrane. Als Suchbegriffe wurden eingegeben: „Creativ* and therapy and dementia and (stud*)”, „Dance therapy and dementia”, „Music therapy and dementia”, „Drama therapy and dementia” und „Art therapy and dementia”. Insgesamt wurden nach diesen Suchkriterien beginnend ab 1998 sieben quantitativ ausgewertete kontrollierte Studien, 3 prä-post-Vergleiche und drei qualitative Analysen beschrieben, die in Gruppen von mindestens 3 Teilnehmern durchgeführt wurden. Überblicksartikel werden im Text erwähnt. Die Übersicht der vorhandenen Studien zu kreativen Therapien bei Demenzen zeigt, dass die vorhandenen Daten den Einsatz kreativer Therapien zur Förderung der Interaktionsfähigkeit und der Lebendigkeit im Ausdruck unterstützen. Das Spannungsfeld zwischen Methodik der Erfassung der Therapieeffekte und der Therapieinhalte, die ihre Spezifität in der therapeutischen Anleitung zu aktiven und kreativen Prozessen der Patienten haben, führt zur Forderung nach Weiterentwicklung und Validierung von Instrumenten, mit denen Parameter wie z. B. Lebendigkeit und Interaktionsfähigkeit quantitativ abgebildet werden können.

Abstract

The specifics of creative therapies aim at activating the creative potential of the patients in the sense of acceptance, orientation and coping with their illness “dementia” and at improving their quality of life. Creative therapies in the treatment of dementia offer the advantage of working with these patients, whose cognition and often also verbal communication skills are affected in a nonverbal way. This article presents a systematic review of studies and case studies, which could be found on the subject of the implementation of active creative therapies “music-, art-, drama- and dance-therapy” within the following databases (05/05): Medline, Psyndex Plus, PsychInfo and Cochrane. The search terms used were: “Creativ* and therapy and dementia and (stud*)”, “Dance therapy and dementia”, “Music therapy and dementia”, “Drama therapy and dementia” and “Art therapy and dementia”. As a result of this search we found seven quantitative evaluated controlled studies, three prae-post comparisions and three qualitative evaluated studies which have been finished since 1998. All of these studies included groups of at least three participants. Further reviews are mentioned in this article. This survey of studies on creative therapies for patients with dementia shows positive effects like the improvement of interaction skills. The data supplied thus supports the approach of using creative therapies in order to help patients accept dementia as their illness and finally to cope with it. The methodical approach to the registration of the therapies’ effects and process-orientated contents of the therapy create a field of tension, leading to the request for a further development and validation of instruments, which allow the quantitative evaluation of parameters like liveliness, agility and interaction skills.

Schlüsselwörter

Demenzen - Kreative Therapien - Studienübersicht

Key words

dementia - creative therapies - review

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Dr. Beate Schmitt

Schwindstr. 23

60325 Frankfurt/M

Email: beateschmitt@web.de

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