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DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-940243
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Neurodegeneration bei der Multiplen Sklerose
Neurodegeneration in Multiple SclerosisPublikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
26. April 2006 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Über mehr als 100 Jahre galt die Multiple Sklerose (MS) als Prototyp einer entzündlich-demyelinisierenden Erkrankung des Zentralnervensystems. Die letzten Jahre zeigten aber, dass neurodegenerative Prozesse, die bereits frühzeitig im Krankheitsverlauf nachweisbar sind, eine ganz entscheidende Rolle in der MS-Pathogenese spielen. Die Zerstörung neuronaler Strukturen scheint hauptverantwortlich für die Entstehung eines permanenten neurologischen Defizits zu sein, wobei die zur Neurodestruktion führenden Ursachen im Detail noch unklar sind. Einerseits scheinen humorale Faktoren wie freie Radikale, Antikörper und Zytokine eine wesentliche Rolle zu spielen, andererseits konnte auch eine Beteiligung zellulärer Komponenten wie T-Zellen, Makrophagen und Mikrogliazellen nachgewiesen werden. Entscheidend ist, dass die Schädigung neuronaler Strukturen offensichtlich schon sehr früh in der MS-Pathogenese eine Rolle spielt und im Verlauf möglicherweise nicht allein Folge der Neuroinflammation ist, sondern auch als eigenständiges Phänomen auftritt. Hieraus ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit einer frühzeitigen und konsequenten neuroprotektiven/neuroregenerativen Behandlung. Voraussetzung hierfür ist ein besseres Verständnis der neurodegenerativen Mechanismen und die Entwicklung suffizienter neuroprotektiver Therapiestrategien.
Summary
For over a century multiple sclerosis was regarded as the prototypical inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. During recent years, however, it has become increasingly evident, that neurodegenerative processes, which occur early on in the disease pathogenesis, also play a major role. Neurodegeneration is probably the underlying cause of permanent neurological impairments, although the mechanisms through which such impairments develop are not yet clear. On the one hand, soluble factors such as free radicals, antibodies and cytokines seem to play a crucial role; on the other hand, cellular structures such as T cells, macrophages, and microglial cells are also known to be involved. Importantly, neurodegeneration is not merely the result of neuroinflammation but also exists as an independent phenomenon, and this calls for early and targeted neuroprotective/ neuroregenerative treatment. A prerequisite for such therapeutic strategies, however, is a better comprehension of the mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration.
Key Words
multiple sclerosis - neurodegeneration - axonal loss - neuroprotection
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Korrespondenzadresse:
Prof. Dr. Frauke Zipp
Institut für Neuroimmunologie
Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte und Buch
10098 Berlin
eMail: frauke.zipp@charite.de