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DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-927355
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Sequentielle transarterielle Chemoembolisation (TACE) des hepatozellulären Karzinoms (HCC) - Erfahrungsbericht eines einzelnen Zentrums über 5 Jahre
Single Center Experience over a 5-Year Period with Sequential Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE) in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)Publication History
eingereicht: 14.7.2006
angenommen: 22.11.2006
Publication Date:
26 February 2007 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung: Ziel ist die Analyse des Krankheitsverlaufes von Patienten mit HCC, die mittels sequenzieller TACE behandelt wurden, sowie die Evaluation abhängiger und unabhängiger Prognosefaktoren für das Patientenüberleben mittels proportionalem Cox-Regressionsmodell. Patienten und Methode: 94 palliative Patienten mit HCC, die mindestens 3-mal mittels TACE behandelt wurden. Die TACE wurde mit einer Embolisatmischung, bestehend aus 10,0 mg Mitomycin C sowie 10 ml Lipiodol, in einem 8-wöchentlichen Intervall durchgeführt. Die Kontrolle des Krankheitsverlaufes erfolgte mittels KM-verstärktem Multislice-CT sowie Kontrolle der Laborparameter (Blutbild, Leberenzyme und Gerinnungsparameter). Ergebnisse: In 66,7 % lagen multifokale Tumoren vor und in 16,0 % der Fälle Tumoren mit mehr als 50 %iger Infiltration der Leber vor, in 23,4 % der Fälle fand sich vor Beginn der TACE eine Pfortaderthrombose. Die durchschnittliche Überlebensdauer war 24,1 Monate (95 %-CI 20,1 - 28,2). Im Untersuchungszeitraum sind 72/94 Patienten verstorben. Im Median wurden 6,0 ± 3,1 (ntotal = 612 TACE) durchgeführt. Die kumulativen 1-, 2- und 3-Jahres-Überlebensraten betrugen 71,6 %, 33,9 % und 17,2 %. 62,5 % der Patienten verstarben aufgrund eines Tumorprogresses und 18,1 % an einer fortschreitenden Leberinsuffizienz. Patienten mit einem Ansprechen auf die TACE-Behandlung, fehlendem Aszites bzw. einem Okuda-Stadium I und unifokalem Tumorherd wiesen einen signifikanten Überlebensvorteil auf, während der Nachweis einer Pfortaderthrombose und das Auftreten neuer Tumorherde mit einer signifikant schlechteren Prognose verbunden war (p < 0,05). Das Child-Pugh-Stadium zeigte keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf den Krankheitsverlauf; das Auftreten neuer Tumorherde beeinflusste die 1- und 2-Jahres-Überlebensrate nicht, hatte aber Einfluss auf die Langzeitprognose (p < 0.05). Unabhängige Prognosefaktoren in der multivariaten Analyse waren (p < 0,05): das Ansprechen auf die Behandlung, die Anzahl der Behandlungen, der Tumortyp (i. e. unifokal vs. multifokal) sowie das Okuda-Stadium. Schlussfolgerung: Die vorliegende Arbeit unterstreicht den Stellenwert der TACE in der palliativen Behandlung des HCC. Patienten mit einer Pfortaderthrombose zeigten unter sequenzieller TACE keinen signifikant schlechteren Krankheitsverlauf. Entscheidende Prognosefaktoren für den Verlauf der Erkrankung sind die intrahepatische Ausdehnung des Tumors, das Ansprechen auf die Behandlung sowie die Leberfunktion bei Behandlungsbeginn.
Abstract
Purpose: To analyze the course of disease of patients treated with sequential TACE and to evaluate the dependent and independent prognostic factors for patient survival using the Cox Proportional Hazard Model. Materials and Methods: 94 patients palliatively treated with TACE. Patients were selected if they had been treated at least 3 times. The TACE procedure was carried out at 8-week intervals using a suspension consisting of a fixed dosage of Mitomycin C (10 mg) and 10 ml Lipiodol. Follow-up investigations included contrast-enhanced multislice CT before and after TACE and assessment of the laboratory test results (i. e., blood count, liver enzymes, and coagulation). Results: In 66.7 % of the patients, multifocal tumors were found. In 16.0 % of the patients, the tumor load represented more then 50 % of the liver volume. In 23.4 % of the cases, a portal vein thrombosis was found in the initial CT scan. The mean survival for the total cohort was 24.1 months (95 %-CI 20.1 - 28.2). During the investigation period, 72/94 of the patients died. The cumulative 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year survival rates are 71.6 %, 33.9 %, und 17.2 %, respectively. A median of 6.0 ± 3.1 (range 14, n total = 612 TACE) was performed in each patient. A total of 62.5 % patients died because of tumor progression whereas 18.1 % died due to progressive liver failure. Patients in whom the tumor responded to the TACE treatment and who did not develop ascites or those with Okuda stage I or unifocal tumor growth showed a survival benefit whereas the presence of portal vein thrombosis was associated with a significantly poor outcome (p < 0.05). The Child-Pugh stage was not statistically significant for the disease course; the occurrence of new tumor lesions had no influence with regard to 1-year and 2-year survival but had a significant influence on long-term survival (p < 0,05). Independent prognostic factors are (multivariate analysis; p < 0.05): number of TACE performed, tumor type (i. e., unifocal vs. multifocal), response to TACE (response vs. progression), and Okuda stage. Conclusion: Our results emphasize the value of TACE in the palliative treatment of HCC. Under sequential TACE therapy the course of disease in patients suffering from portal vein thrombosis was not significantly worse. Crucial prognostic factors for the course of the HCC are tumor type and extension, response to TACE, and liver function at the beginning of TACE.
Key words
chemoembolization - hepatic arteries - abdomen
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Dr. Sascha Christian Alexander Herber
Klinik und Poliklinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität
Mainz
Langenbeckstr. 1
55131 Mainz
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Email: herber@radiologie.klinik.uni-mainz.de