Zusammenfassung
Die konventionelle Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) und die MR-Arthrographie haben
sich als Standardverfahren für die bildgebende Diagnostik der Schulterinstabilität
etabliert. Da mittlerweile zahlreiche operative Stabilisierungsverfahren und konservative
Behandlungsstrategien als therapeutische Optionen zur Verfügung stehen, ist es Aufgabe
der Bildgebung, Entscheidungsgrundlagen für das therapeutische Prozedere zu liefern.
Während bei akuten Verletzungen aufgrund des posttraumatischen Gelenkergusses die
konventionelle MRT meist hinreichende Informationen liefert, stellt bei der chronischen
Instabilität die MR-Arthrographie das bildgebende Verfahren der Wahl dar. Von der
häufigen traumatischen Instabilität müssen die atraumatische und die mikrotraumatische
Instabilität des Schultergelenkes abgegrenzt werden, da Befundmuster und sekundäre
bzw. assoziierte Verletzungen von denen der traumatischen Instabilität abweichen.
Mittels MR-Arthrographie können Verletzungen des IGHL-Komplexes zuverlässig diagnostiziert
werden. Bei der traumatischen anteroinferioren Luxation kommt es zu labroligamentären
Verletzungen am glenoidalen Ansatz (Bankart-, Perthes-, ALPSA- und „nicht klassifizierbare”
chronische Läsionen) und ligamentären Verletzungen im Verlauf des IGHL und an dessen
humeralem Ansatz (HAGL-, BHAGL- und floating AIGHL-Läsion). Verletzungstyp und Ausmaß
der degenerativen bzw. narbigen Veränderungen können MR-arthrographisch beurteilt
werden und beeinflussen das therapeutische Vorgehen, insbesondere die Entscheidung
zwischen arthroskopischen und offenen Stabilisierungsverfahren.
Abstract
Conventional MR imaging and MR arthrography are established diagnostic imaging modalities
for investigating shoulder instability. Since there are currently various surgical
shoulder stabilization methods as well as conservative treatment strategies, the role
of imaging is to provide diagnostic information to help determine the therapeutic
approach. Whereas conventional MR imaging is usually sufficient for the evaluation
of acute shoulder injuries due to the presence of a posttraumatic joint effusion,
MR arthrography is the imaging modality of choice for chronic shoulder instability.
Atraumatic and microtraumatic instability of the shoulder must be distinguished from
traumatic instability since clinical findings and secondary or associated injuries
differ from those of traumatic instability. Injuries of the IGHL-complex can be reliably
diagnosed with MR arthrography. Traumatic anteroinferior luxation causes labroligamentous
injuries at the glenoid insertion (Bankart-, Perthes-, ALPSA-, and non-classifiable
chronic lesions) and injuries of the IGHL and its humeral insertion (HAGL-, BHAGL-,
and floating AIGL-lesions). The type of injury and extent of degenerative changes
or scarring that can be assessed with MR arthrography influence the therapeutic approach
and in particular the decision between arthroscopic and open surgical methods of stabilization.
Key words
Arthrography - shoulder - MR imaging - glenohumeral instability
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Dr. med. Simone Waldt
Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Röntgendiagnostik
Ismaninger Str. 22
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Fax: ++49/89/41 40 48 34
Email: Simone.Waldt@roe.med.tu-muenchen.de