Zusammenfassung
Konservative Therapieverfahren führen in der Therapie der morbiden Adipositas nur äußerst selten zu einer ausreichenden Langzeit-Gewichtsabnahme. Somit kann morbid adipösen Patienten (BMI > 40 kg/m2) auf Dauer meist nur durch eine bariatrische Operation geholfen werden. Restriktive Operationen, wie die Magenbandoperation, und malabsorptive Verfahren wie der Magenbypass, werden heute mit laparoskopsicher Technik in spezialisierten Zentren mit geringer Morbidität und Mortalität durchgeführt. Durch die Magenbandoperation ist eine Langzeit-Reduktion von 30-50 % des Übergewichts möglich. Bei Patienten mit extremem Übergewicht (BMI > 50 kg/m2) sollte eher ein Bypassverfahren gewählt werden, das mit einer Kombination von Malabsorption und Nahrungsrestriktion durch die Ausschaltung definierter Dünndarmabschnitte von der Nahrungsaufnahme zur Gewichtsabnahme führt. Komorbiditäten wie der Typ-II-Diabetes werden besser mit kombiniert malabsorptiven/restriktiven Verfahren wie dem Roux-Y-Bypass behandelt. Der Erfolg der Therapie ist von einer strengen Indikationsstellung durch ein multidisziplinäres Team und einer lebenslangen Nachbetreuung und Begleitung durch den Chirurgen und andere Fachdisziplinen abhängig. Nur so kann garantiert werden, dass Spätfolgen der Adipositaschirurgie wie diverse Bandkomplikationen oder Mangelerscheinungen bei malabsorptiven Verfahren suffizient erkannt und frühzeitig therapiert werden.
Abstract
Medical therapy of morbid obesity rarely results in sufficient long term body weight reduction. Therefore bariatric surgery is the treatment of choice of morbid obese patients (BMI > 40 kg/m2). Today most of these operations are performed with laparoscopic technique. In specialised centres gastric banding and bypass operations are performed with low perioperative morbidity and mortality. Gastric banding yields a long time overweight loss of 30-50 %. Patients with extreme obesity (BMI > 50 kg/m2) should be treated with a gastric bypass operation. By the exclusion of defined segments of the small intestine overweight can be reduced by combination of food restriction and malabsorption. Comorbidity of obesity like type II diabetes is better treated by combined malabsorptive/restrictive operations like the mostly used Roux-Y gastric bypass. Success of therapy depends on a strict preoperative assessment and evaluation in a multidisciplinary team and a lifelong postoperative care and monitoring by the bariatric surgeon and other experts. Next to follow-up control of success and compliance, this surveillance is mandatory that long term complications of the band and malnutrition in malabsoprtive procedures are sufficiently recognized and brought to an adequate therapy.
Schlüsselwörter
Adipositaschirurgie - Magenband - Magenbypass - Operation - Laparoskopie
Key words
bariatric surgery - gastric banding - gastric bypass - operation - laparoscopy
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Dr. med. E. von Dobschütz
Abteilung für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie · Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
Hugstetter Straße 55
79106 Freiburg
Email: ernst.dobschuetz@uniklinik-freiburg.de
URL: http://www.chirurgie-uni-freiburg.de