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DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-865651
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Die chirurgische Therapie der diabetischen Retinopathie
Publication History
Publication Date:
22 April 2005 (online)
Die diabetische Retinopathie (DR) ist heute die häufigste Erblindungsursache im erwerbsfähigen Alter, also zwischen dem 30. und 60. Lebensjahr [[21]]. Für Deutschland muss mit ungefähr 6000 - 10 000 Neuerblindungen pro Jahr gerechnet werden [[7]]; die Zahl der jährlichen Neuerkrankungen liegt bei 50 000 - 60 000. Diabetiker haben ein 10- bis 20-mal höheres Erblindungsrisiko als die gesunde Bevölkerung. Das Auftreten der diabetischen Retinopathie korreliert relativ gut mit der Diabetesdauer: Typ-2-Diabetiker leiden nach 5 Jahren
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Die diabetische Retinopathie ist die häufigste Erblindungsursache im erwerbsfähigen Alter. |
Die Progression des Krankheitsbildes wird wesentlich von der Qualität der Blutzuckereinstellung, aber auch von der Kontrolle der oft bestehenden arteriellen Hypertonie beeinflusst,
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Blutzuckereinstellung und antihypertensive Therapie sind wesentliche Bestandteile der Prävention und Behandlung der diabetischen Retinopathie. |
Tab. 1 Aktuelle Therapie der diabetischen Retinopathie Aktuelle Therapie - Blutzuckereinstellung Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) Die intensivierte Insulintherapie verzögert das Auftreten und die Progression von diabetischer Retinopathie, Neuropathie und Nephropathie bei Typ-1-Diabetikern. United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Die intensivierte Therapie mit HbA1c-Werten von 7 % senkt das Risiko der Entstehung einer Mikroangiopathie um ca 25 % bei Typ-2-Diabetikern. Aktuelle Therapieempfehlungen der American Diabetes Association (ADA) Zielwerte: Nüchtern-Blutzucker < 110 mg/dl, HbA1c < 7 % Aktuelle Therapie - Blutdruckkontrolle Wisconsin Epidemiological Study of Diabetic Retinopathy Es besteht ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Progression der PDR und hohen diastolischen Blutdruckwerten bei Typ-1-Diabetes. Hypertension in Diabetes Study (HPS, Teil der UKPDS) Die intensivierte Blutdruckeinstellung verzögert die Progression der diabetischen Retinopathie und einen möglichen Sehverlust (reduziert um 47 % über 9 Jahre). Aktuelle Therapieempfehlungen der American Diabetes Association (ADA) und anderer Zielwerte für den Blutdruck: < 130 mm Hg systolisch, < 85 mm Hg diastolisch
In Ergänzung werden zur Zeit verschiedene medikamentöse Therapieansätze zur Behandlung der nichtproliferativen diabetischen Retinopathie (NPDR) verfolgt (Somatostatinanaloga, Calciumdobesilat,
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Erst die fortgeschrittene proliferative diabetische Retinopathie wird chirurgisch behandelt. |
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PD Dr. Christos Haritoglou
Augenklinik der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
Mathildenstraße 8
80336 München
Email: christos.haritoglou@med.uni-muenchen.de
