Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung: Anschlagzeit und Wirkdauer von nicht-depolarisierenden Muskelrelaxanzien sind abhängig
vom untersuchten Testmuskel und werden durch das Alter der Patienten beeinflusst.
In dieser Studie wurde die Wirkung von Rocuronium auf die neuromuskuläre Blockade
des Zwerchfells, Musculus adductor pollicis und orbicularis oculi untersucht und ein
Vergleich zwischen jüngeren und älteren Patienten durchgeführt. Methodik: Nach positivem Votum der Ethikkommission wurden jeweils 10 erwachsene Patienten (ASA
I - II), der Altersgruppe 18 - 59 (Gruppe Jung ) und > 65 Jahre (Gruppe Alt ) eingeschlossen. Neuromuskuläre Wirkzeiten der Mm. adductor pollicis und orbicularis
oculi wurden akzelerographisch erfasst. Der Relaxationsgrad des Zwerchfells wurde
über Atemwegsdruckmessung bei okkludiertem Trachealtubus während transkutaner Magnetstimulation
(TMS) der Nn. phrenici gemessen. Nach Gabe von 0,6 mg/kg Rocuronium wurden Anschlags- und Erholungszeiten bestimmt. Ergebnisse: Die schnellste Anschlagszeit zeigte der Adductor pollicis (Jung 2,3 min, Alt 2,2 min), gefolgt von Diaphragma (Jung 3,6 min, Alt 3,4 min) und Orbicularis oculi (Jung 3,7 min, Alt 4,8 min). Das Diaphragma war in 50 % der Fälle vollständig relaxiert (Adductor pollicis
100 %, orbicularis oculi 40 %). Neuromuskuläre Erholung, Erholungsindex und TOF 0,8
unterschieden sich signifikant in den beiden Altersgruppen. Die Erholung setzte am
Diaphragma (Jung 15,9 min, Alt 22,0 min) früher ein als an den beiden peripheren Muskeln (Adductor pollicis Jung 25,6 min, Alt 37,9 min; Orbicularis oculi Jung 23,8 min, Alt 27,5 min). Schlussfolgerung: Am Diaphragma kommt es bei Verwendung einer 2fachen ED95 gehäuft zu einer unvollständigen
neuromuskulären Blockade. Der Grad der Relaxierung des Diaphragmas wird bei neuromuskulärem
Monitoring peripherer Muskeln daher häufig überschätzt, ist jedoch ein sicherer Anhalt
für seine Erholung. Gerade bei älteren Patienten, bei denen mit einer verlängerten
Blockade aller Muskeln zu rechnen ist, erscheint eine Überwachung deshalb sinnvoll.
Abstract
Objective: Onset time and recovery from non depolarising neuromuscular blockade depends on the
tested muscle and is influenced by the age of the patient. This study compares the
neuromuscular blocking effect of rocuronium on the diaphragm, adductor pollicis and
orbicularis oculi muscle in young and elderly patients. Methods: After institutional ethics committee approval and written informed consent, 20 adult
patients (ASA I - II), age 18 - 59 and > 65, have been included. Neuromuscular response
was measured by accelerography for the adductor pollicis and orbicularis oculi muscle.
Monitoring of the diaphragm consisted of measurement of the airway pressure against
an occluded tracheal tube during magnetic phrenic nerve stimulation. Onset time and
recovery were measured after injection of 0.6 mg/kg Rocuronium. Results: The adductor pollicis had the fastest onset time (young 2.3 min, old 2.2 min), followed by diaphragm (young 3.6 min, old 3.4 min) and orbicularis oculi muscle (young 3.7 min, old 4.8 min). There was a complete blockade of the diaphragm in 50 % of all patients
(Adductor pollicis 100 %, orbicularis oculi 40 %). Neuromuscular recovery, recovery
index and TOF 0.8 differed significantly between young and elderly patients. Onset
of recovery was earlier at the diaphragm (young 15.9 min, old 22.0 min) compared to the peripheral muscles (adductor pollicis young 25.6 min, old 37.9 min, orbicularis oculi young 23.8 min, old 27.5 min). Conclusion: 2fould ED95 of rocuronium often results in an incomplete neuromuscular blockade of
the diaphragm. Therefore monitoring of the peripheral muscles in patients given a
single dose of rocuronium often overestimates the degree of diaphragmatic relaxation,
but is a save predictor of recovery. Especially in elderly patients were prolonged
neuromuscular blockade should be expected, a neuromuscular monitoring is recommended.
Schlüsselwörter
Rocuronium - Muskelrelaxanzien - Diaphragma - Pharmakokinetik
Key words
Neuromuscular blocking agents - pharmacology - rocuronium - diaphragm
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Dr. med. Onnen Moerer
Zentrum Anaesthesiologie, Rettungs- und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinik Göttingen
Robert-Koch-Straße 40 · 37073 Göttingen
Email: omoerer@gwdg.de