Zusammenfassung
Studienziel: Die feto-amniale Shuntanlage stellt eine ultraschallgezielte therapeutische Intervention
zur dauerhaften Entlastung intrakavitärer Flüssigkeitsansammlungen bei schwer betroffenen
Feten mit ungünstiger Prognose dar. Da das relativ hohe Eingriffsrisiko dem potenziellen
Nutzen gegenübergestellt werden muss, evaluieren wir die Wertigkeit der verschiedenen
Indikationen, die Komplikationsrate und die Zeitspanne der korrekten Positionierung
der Shuntanlage. Patienten und Methode: Aussendung eines Fragebogens über feto-amniale Shuntanlagen von 1993 bis 2001 an
alle deutschsprachigen Stufe-III-Zentren. An 6 Stufe-III-Zentren erfolgten 47 feto-amniale
Shuntanlagen bei 30 Schwangerschaften (18 Feten mit Megavesica [3 davon mit urinösem
Ascites], 8 Feten mit Hydrothorax, 2 Feten mit Hydronephrose, 1 Fetus mit zystisch
adenomatoider Malformation der Lunge [CAM I], 1 Fetus mit Ovarialzyste). Ergebnisse: Das mediane Schwangerschaftsalter zum Zeitpunkt der Shuntanlage betrug 23,5 (range
16 - 33) Wochen, zum Zeitpunkt der Geburt 35 (range 23 - 41) Wochen. Die mediane Shuntfunktion
betrug 19 (range 0 - 170) Tage. Insgesamt haben 18 von 30 Feten (60 %) von der feto-amnialen
Shuntanlage profitiert. Schlussfolgerung: Die bestmögliche Selektion der Schwangerschaften, die von einer feto-amnialen Shuntanlage
profitieren, ist notwendig. Grunderkrankung, Schwere und Progredienz der Störung sind
hierbei die ausschlaggebenden Kriterien.
Abstract
Aim: Foeto-amniotic shunting is an ultrasound-guided, therapeutic intervention for drainage
of persistent intracavital fluid retention in severely affected foetuses with a high
risk of mortality. In order to weigh up the comparatively high risk of intervention
against the possible benefit, we evaluated the value of different indications, the
complication rate and the time span of drains in situ. Patients and Methods: We made a survey of all level III ultrasound centres of German-speaking countries
from 1993 to 2001. Six level III centres returned the questionnaire: forty-seven foeto-amniotic
shunting procedures were performed in 30 foetuses [megacystis in 18 foetuses (three
of these with urinary ascites), hydrothorax in eight foetuses, hydronephrosis in two
foetuses, cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung in one foetus, ovarian cyst
in one foetus]. Results: The median gestational age at time of shunting was 23.5 (range 16 - 33) weeks, at
time of delivery 35 (range 23 - 41) weeks. The median time span of drains in situ
was 19 (range 0 - 170) days. Altogether 18 of 30 foetuses (60 %) had a benefit of
foeto-amniotic shunting. Conclusion: The best possible selection of pregnancies which might profit from foeto-amniotic
shunting is required. The decisive criteria are the underlying defect as well as the
severity and progression of the disorder.
Schlüsselwörter
Fetus - Hydrothorax - Megavesica - Shunt - Ultraschall
Key words
Foetus - hydrothorax - megacystis - shunt - ultrasound
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Wibke Blaicher
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Prenatal Diagnosis and Therapy,
University Hospital Vienna
Währinger Gürtel 18 - 20
1090 Vienna, Austria
Phone: ++ 43/1/4 04 00 29 94
Fax: ++ 43/1/4 04 00 29 95
Email: wibke.blaicher@meduniwien.ac.at