ABSTRACT
This article describes the current state-of-the-art technique of percutaneous transplant
renal biopsy. A brief overview of the history of transplant renal biopsy is given.
The indications and contraindications are discussed, including pre- and postprocedure
patient management. The technique of the procedure and the devices that are available
in the market are described.
KEYWORDS
Biopsy - transplant kidney - technique
REFERENCES
- 1 Report, O.S.A. .UNOS: URREA; 2002
- 2 Cecka J. The UNOS renal transplant registry. In: Cecka E, Terasaki Clinical Transplants
Los Angeles; UCLA Immunogenetics Center 2002
- 3
Iversen P, Bran C.
Aspiration biopsy of the kidney.
Am J Med.
1951;
11
324
- 4
Riehl J, Maigatter S, Kierdorf H, Schmitt H, Maurin N, Sieberth H.
Percutaneous renal biopsy: comparison of manual and automated puncture techniques
with native and transplanted kidney.
Nephrol Dial Transplant.
1994;
9
1568-1574
- 5
Nampoory M, Das D, Johny K et al..
Comparative study of ultrasonogram, renogram, and fine needle aspiration cytology
in diagnosis of acute allograft rejection.
Transplant Proc.
1997;
29
2807-2811
- 6
McConnell J, Sagalowsky A, Lewis S et al..
Prospective evaluation of renal allograft dysfunction with 99mtechnetium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic
acid renal scans.
J Urol.
1984;
131
875-879
- 7
Solez K, Axelsen R, Benediktsson H et al..
International standardization of criteria for the histologic classification of kidney
transplant pathology.
Kidney Int.
1993;
44
411-422
- 8
Brown S, Horsburgh T, Veitch P, Bell P.
Comparison of fine-needle aspiration biopsy and Tru-cut biopsy performed under ultrasound
guidance.
Transplant Proc.
1988;
20
595-596
- 9
Renowden S, Griffiths D, Nair S, Krishnan H, Cochlin D.
Renal transplant sonography: correlation of Doppler and biopsy results in cellular
rejection.
Clin Radiol.
1992;
46
265-269
- 10
Mazzali M, Ribeiro-Alves M A, Alves Filho G.
Percutaneous renal graft biopsy: a clinical laboratory and pathological analysis.
Sao Paulo Med J.
1999;
117
57-62
- 11
Parfrey P, Kuo Y, Hanley J et al..
The diagnostic and prognostic value of renal allograft biopsy.
Transplantation.
1984;
38
586-590
- 12
Al-Awwa I, Hariharan S, First M.
The importance of allograft biopsy in renal transplant recipients.
Am J Kidney Dis.
1998;
31
S15-S18
- 13
Kiss D, Landmann J, Mihatsch M, Huser B, Brunner F, Thiel G.
Risks and benefits of graft biopsy in renal transplantation under cyclosporine-A.
Clin Nephrol.
1992;
38
132-134
- 14
Schwartz A, Mengel M, Gwinner W et al..
Protocol biopsy program after renal transplantation: structure and first results.
Transplant Proc.
2002;
34
2238-2239
- 15
Rush D, Jeffery J, Gough J.
Sequential protocol biopsies in renal transplant patients: clinico-pathological correlations
using the Banff schema.
Transplantation.
1995;
59
511-514
- 16
Gaber L.
Role of renal allograft biopsy in multicentre clinical trials in transplantation.
Am J Kidney Dis.
1998;
31
S19-S25
- 17 Chavers B, Reinsmoen N, Mauer S, Najarian J, Maltas A. High incidence of histologically-defined
renal allograft rejection in asymptomatic patients following treatment. Presented
at the American Society of Transplant Physicians 12th Annual Meeting 1993
- 18
Sharma P, McDonald G B, Banaji M.
The risk of bleeding after percutaneous liver biopsy: relation to platelet count.
J Clin Gastroenterol.
1982;
4
451-453
- 19
Gilmore I T, Burroughs A, Murray-Lyon I M, Williams R, Jenkins D, Hopkins A.
Percutaneous liver biopsy in England and Wales; an audit by the British Society of
Gastroenterology and Royal College of Physicians of London.
Gut.
1995;
36
437-441
- 20
Falstrom J, Moore M M, Caldwell S H, Matsumoto A H, Abbott R D, Spotnitz W D.
Use of fibrin sealant to reduce bleeding after needle liver biopsy in an anticoagulated
canine model: work in progress.
J Vasc Interv Radiol.
1999;
10
457-462
- 21
Kim E H, Kopecky K K, Cummings O W, Dreesen R G, Pound D C.
Electrocautery of the tract after needle biopsy of the liver to reduce blood loss:
experience in the canine model.
Invest Radiol.
1993;
28
228-230
- 22
Chisholm R, Jones S, Lees W.
Fibrin sealant as a plug for the post liver biopsy needle track.
Clin Radiol.
1989;
40
627-628
- 23
Rodriguez Fuchs C A, Bruno M.
Plugging liver biopsy sites with coagulation factors.
Lancet.
1987;
2
1087
- 24
Tabuse Y, Tabuse K, Mori K et al..
Percutaneous microwave tissue coagulation in liver biopsy: experimental and clinical
studies.
Nippon Geka Hokan.
1986;
55
381-392
- 25
Riley S A, Ellis W R, Irving H C, Lintott D J, Axon A T, Losowsky M S.
Percutaneous liver biopsy with plugging of needle track: a safe method for use in
patients with impaired coagulation.
Lancet.
1984;
2
436
- 26
Klauser R, Zlabinger G J, Traindl O et al..
Influence of immunosuppressive therapy on infectious complications in renal transplant
recipients.
Transplant Proc.
1992;
24
292-294
- 27
Nyman R, Cappelen-Smith J, Al Suhaibani H, Alfurayh O, Shakweer W, Akhtar M.
Yield and complications in percutaneous renal biopsy. A comparison between ultrasound-guided
gun-biopsy and manual techniques in native and transplant kidneys.
Acta Radiol.
1997;
38
431-436
- 28
Cozens M, Murchison J, Allen P, Winney R.
Conventional 15 G needle technique for renal biopsy compared with ultrasound-guided
spring-loaded 18 G needle biopsy.
Br J Radiol.
1992;
65
594-597
- 29
Wennberg L, Miyahara S, Wilczek H.
Percutaneous core-needle biopsy of renal transplant performed safely without radiographic
aid: a prospective study.
Transplant Proc.
1994;
26
1769-1770
- 30
Kudryk B, Martinez G, Gunasekeran S, Ramirez G.
CT guided renal biopsy using coaxial technique and an automated biopsy gun.
South Med J.
1995;
88
543-546
- 31
Mimata H, Kasagi Y, Nasu N et al..
Renal needle biopsy along the retrograde puncture line of the renal calyx: A new promising
technique.
Urol Int.
1998;
60
165-168
- 32
Leal J.
A new technique for renal biopsy: the transurethral approach.
J Urol.
1993;
149
1061-1063
- 33 Pirani C. Evaluation of kidney biopsy specimens. In: Tisher BBC Renal Pathology
with Clinical and Functional Correlations Philadelphia; Lippincott 1989: 11-42
- 34
Sakai H, Abe K, Kobayash Y et. al..
Clinical guidelines of IgA nephropathy.
Nippon Jinzo Gakkai Shi.
1995;
37
417-421
- 35
Yoshinari M, Suzuki R, Watanabe K, Katoh T, Watanabe T.
How long is enough: length of renal needle biopsy specimen for histological diagnosis.
Am J Nephrol.
2002;
22
402
- 36
Chan R, Common A, Marcuzzi D.
Ultrasound guided renal biopsy: experience using an automated core biopsy system.
Can Assoc Radiol J.
2000;
51
107-113
- 37
Hopper K D, Abendroth C, Sturtz K, Matthews Y, Shirk S, Stevens L.
Blinded comparison of biopsy needles and automated devices on vitro: 2. Biopsy of
medical renal disease.
AJR Am J Roentgenol.
1993;
161
1299-1301
- 38
Boyvat F, Tarhan N, Coskun M, Agidere A, Tutar N, Bilgin N.
Comparison of two biopsy techniques for renal transplant assessment.
Transplant Proc.
1998;
30
777-779
- 39
Hlatky M.
Is renal biopsy necessary in adults with nephrotic syndrome?.
Lancet.
1982;
2
1264-1268
- 40
Rosenbaum R, Hoffsten P, Stanley R, Klahr S.
Use of computerized tomography to diagnose complications of percutaneous renal biopsy.
Kidney Int.
1978;
14
87-92
- 41
Diaz-Buxo J, Donadio Jr J V.
Complication of percutaneous renal biopsy: an analysis of 1000 consecutive biopsies.
Clin Nephrol.
1975;
4
223-227
- 42
Stiles K, Yuan C, Chung E, Lyon R, Lane J, Abbott K.
Renal biopsy in high-risk patients with medical disease of the kidney.
Am J Kidney Dis.
2000;
36
419-433
- 43 Kersnik Levart T, Kenig A, Buturovic Ponikvar J, Ferluga D, Avgustin Cavic M, Kenda R.
Real-time ultrasound-guided renal biopsy with a biopsy gun in children: safety and
efficacy. Acta Paediatr 2001 90: 1394-1397
- 44
Chesney D, Brouhard B, Cunningham R.
Safety and cost effectiveness of pediatric percutaneous renal biopsy.
Pediatr Nephrol.
1996;
10
493-495
- 45
Mahoney M, Racadio J, Merhar G, First M.
Safety and efficacy of kidney transplant biopsy: Tru-Cut needle vs sonographically
guided biopsy gun.
AJR Am J Roentgenol.
1993;
160
325-326
- 46
Murphy B, Macisaac A.
Percutaneous renal biopsy as a day-patient procedure.
Am J Kidney Dis.
1989;
14
77
- 47
Hussain F, Watson A, Hayes J.
Standards for renal biopsies: comparison of inpatient and day care procedures.
Pediatr Nephrol.
2003;
18
53-56
- 48
Fraser I R, Fairley K.
Renal biopsy as an outpatient procedure.
Am J Kidney Dis.
1995;
25
876-878
- 49
Maddux F, Maddux D, Sterling J, Baker W, Moore M.
Outpatient renal biopsy is a safe procedure in the community setting.
J Am Soc Nephrol.
1992;
3
345
, Abstract
- 50
Al-Wakeel J.
Outcome of early ambulation after renal biopsy using automated biopsy needle by inexperienced
trainees.
Int Urol Nephrol.
1998;
30
399-405
- 51
White R, Poole C.
Day care renal biopsy.
Pediatr Nephrol.
1996;
10
408-411
- 52
Khajehdehi K, Junaid S, Salinas-Madrgal L, Schmitz P, Bastani B.
Percutaneous renal biopsy in the 1990’s: safety, value and implication for early hospital
discharge.
Am J Kidney Dis.
1999;
34
92-97
- 53
Davis I, Ochlenschlager W, O'Riordan M, Avner E.
Pediatric renal biopsy: should this procedure be performed in an outpatient setting?.
Pediatr Nephrol.
1998;
12
96-100
- 54
Chesney D, Brouhard B, Cunningham R.
Safety and cost effectiveness of pediatric percutaneous renal biopsy.
Pediatr Nephrol.
1996;
10
493-495
Iftikhar AhmadM.D.
Assistant Professor of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, University
Hospital
Room 0279, 550 North University Blvd.
Indianapolis, IN 46202
