Differenzialdiagnostik von Gedächtnisstörungen - Theorie und Praxis

Zusammenfassung

Die neuropsychologische Gedächtnisdiagnostik stellt auf allen Stufen des diagnostischen Prozesses vielfältige Anforderungen an den Untersucher. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, theoretische Grundlagen unter Berücksichtigung relevanter Aspekte der diagnostischen Praxis darzustellen. In einem ersten Artikel zum Thema (Diagnostik von Gedächtnisstörungen) wurde gezeigt, dass schon für die Testauswahl eine breite theoretische Wissensbasis über Gedächtnismodelle, Testverfahren und deren Gütekriterien unabdingbar ist. In diesem zweiten Artikel werden pathologiespezifische Gedächtnisprofile dargestellt, deren Kenntnis für eine rationale Untersuchungsplanung ebenso wichtig ist, wie für die Syndrom- und Differenzialdiagnose. Des Weiteren werden praktische Fragen der Testinterpretation erörtert, so unter anderem die Notwendigkeit einer kontinuierlichen Validierung und Qualitätskontrolle der diagnostischen Arbeit.

Abstract

On all stages of the neuropsychological memory assessment the investigator is faced with multiple demands. The aim of this article is to present the theoretical fundaments together with core practical aspects of clinical diagnostics. In a first article (evaluation of memory disorders) it has been shown that even test selection demands a broad theoretical knowledge about memory models, memory tests and criteria for the evaluation of the tests. In this second article pathology-specific memory profiles are outlined. Knowledge about this is important for a rational planning of the investigation as well as for the classification of syndromes and differential diagnostics. Further, we address practical questions about test interpretation, including the necessity of a continuing validation and quality control of memory assessment.

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