Abstract
The first part of this article intends to give an applicable framework for the evaluation
of endurance capacity as well as for the derivation of exercise prescription by the
use of two gas exchange thresholds: aerobic (AerTGE) and anaerobic (AnTGE). AerTGE corresponds to the first increase in blood lactate during incremental exercise whereas
AnTGE approximates the maximal lactate steady state. With very few constraints, they are
valid in competitive athletes, sedentary subjects, and patients. In the second part
of the paper, the practical application of gas exchange thresholds in cross-sectional
and longitudinal studies is described, thereby further validating the 2-threshold
model. It is shown that AerTGE and AnTGE can reliably distinguish between different states of endurance capacity and that
they can well detect training-induced changes. Factors influencing their relationship
to the maximal oxygen uptake are discussed. Finally, some approaches of using gas
exchange thresholds for exercise prescription in athletes, healthy subjects, and chronically
diseased patients are addressed.
Key words
Anaerobic threshold - lactate - endurance - exercise
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1 Unfortunately, there has been a lot of confusion concerning the terms “aerobic” and
“anaerobic”. It was argued that there is no complete absence of anaerobic metabolism
even at rest. In addition, the rather transitional nature of changes in metabolic
processes from very low to high intensities was emphasized. However, we would like
to lead the readers' attention to the application-oriented background of the models.
Apart from the naming, no real disagreement exists that at least for clinicians and
coaches the first rise in blood lactate during incremental exercise and the maximal
lactate steady state represent two clearly discernible phenomena, each with a different
meaning [[32], [57]]. The reason to adopt the Kindermann/McLellan terminology within this review is
that it covers both “thresholds” - although it does not solve all problems. Consequently,
it is acknowledged that the terms “aerobic” and “anaerobic” do not perfectly represent
the physiological process that underlie these thresholds.
T. Meyer
Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, University of Saarland, Faculty of Clinical
Medicine
Campus, Bldg. 39.1
66123 Saarbrücken
Germany
Phone: + 49(0)681-3023750
Fax: + 49 (0) 681 - 3 02 42 96
Email: tim.meyer@mx.uni-saarland.de