Zusammenfassung
Während der ersten Wochen einer auf Interferon basierenden Behandlung der chronischen
Hepatitis-C-Virusinfektion kann üblicherweise ein biphasischer Abfall der Viruslast
beobachtet werden. Die mathematisch-statistische Auswertung der Viruskinetik ermöglicht
die Schätzung von individuellen kinetischen Raten, insbesondere der Verlustrate infizierter
Zellen, der Abbaurate von freiem Virus sowie von einem Effizienzfaktor zur Hemmung
der Virusproduktion. Die Analyse mathematischer Viruskinetikmodelle erlaubt Rückschlüsse
auf die einer Therapie zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen. Ein effizientes bzw. fehlendes
virologisches Therapieansprechen spiegelt sich außerdem typischerweise in guten bzw.
schlechten kinetischen Parametern wider. Dies gilt für einzelne Patienten, aber auch
für generelle Unterschiede im Rahmen der bekannten Genotypabhängigkeit des Therapieansprechens.
Die Ursachen für ein vorhandenes oder fehlendes virologisches Therapieansprechen auf
eine interferonbasierte Therapie bei einzelnen Patienten sind jedoch nicht bekannt.
Neben wirts- und therapiespezifischen Ursachen wird vermutet, dass das HCV über spezifische
Interferonresistenzmechanismen verfügt. Bisher wurden drei HCV-Proteine durch In-vitro-Untersuchungen in einen direkten Zusammenhang mit solchen Interferonresistenzmechanismen
gebracht: das Hüllprotein (E)2 sowie die nichtstrukturellen Proteine (NS)3/4A und
5A. Spezifische Mutationen im Bereich der vermuteten Interaktionsstellen zur Vermittlung
von Resistenzmechanismen in Korrelation mit dem virologischen Ansprechen auf eine
interferonbasierte Therapie konnten dabei auf HCV-Isolaten von Patienten für das E2-
(HVR2, CD81-Bindungsregion, PePHD) und NS3/4A-Protein nicht nachgewiesen werden. Im
Bereich des NS5A-Proteins gibt es Hinweise für eine Bedeutung von Mutationen im Bereich
einer Interferonsensitivität determinierenden Region (ISDR) bzw. des gesamten NS5A-Proteins
bei HCV-1a/b-Isolaten.
Abstract
Typically, a biphasic decay of viremia can be observed during the first few weeks
of interferon-based treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The mathematical
and statistical analysis of viral kinetics enables the estimation of individual kinetic
parameters. Especially, the infected cell loss, the degradation rate of free virus,
and an efficiency factor on blocking viral production can be estimated. Furthermore,
mathematical models of viral kinetics have the potential to reveal mechanisms of antiviral
therapy. The lower sustained virologic response rates in several patient populations
are reflected by impaired kinetic parameters. Besides host-specific and treatment-related
differences, especially hepatitis C virus genotype strongly correlates with initial
and long-term virologic responses. Reasons for virologic response or non-response
to interferon-based therapy for individual patients are unknown. Beside host- and
treatment-related causes it is assumed that HCV is able to specifically evade the
antiviral actions of interferon. So far, three HCV proteins [envelope (E)2, non-structural
(NS) protein 3/4A, and NS5A protein] have been associated with interferon resistance
mechanisms. However, within the E2 (HVR2, CD81 binding domains, PePHD) and NS3/4A
proteins no specific mutations in correlation with virologic response to interferon-based
antiviral therapy were observed. For the NS5A protein, mutations within the interferon
sensitivity determining region (ISDR) and the complete NS5A protein may be of importance
for virologic treatment response in patients infected with genotype HCV-1a/b isolates.
Schlüsselwörter
E2 - Hepatitis C - Interferon-α - ISDR - Mutationen - NS3 - NS4A - NS5A - Resistenzmechanismen
- Viruskinetik
Key words
E2 - hepatitis C - interferon-α - ISDR - Mutations - NS3 - NS4A - NS5A - resistance
mechanism - viral kinetics
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Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Christoph Sarrazin
Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes
Kirrberger Straße
66421 Homburg/Saar
Email: Christoph.Sarrazin@uniklinik-saarland.de