ABSTRACT
Background: Hypoxemia stimulates endothelin-1 (ET-1) secretion. The reduction in alveolar
ventilation during sleep is considered sufficient to account for the hypoxemia observed
in patients with respiratory diseases. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate
the arterial ET-1 levels and their relationship with pulmonary hypertension in patients
with interstitial lung disease (ILD) during sleep. Methods: We examined 38 patients
with ILD using formal polysomnography (electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram, airflow,
respiratory muscle movement, oximeter) to detect the presence of nocturnal, nonapneic,
oxyhemoglobin desaturation. All patients desaturated below a baseline sleep saturation
of 90% for 5 minutes or more, reaching a nadir saturation of at least 85%. Each patient
had already undergone right heart catheterization with a Swan-Ganz catheter for measuring
hemodynamic parameters. Sampling of arterial blood from a radial artery line for determination
of blood gases and ET-1 values was performed simultaneously, after 5 minutes of the
first desaturation. Results: At rest, arterial ET-1 levels were higher in ILD patients
(1.73 ± 0.37 mgr/mL) than in controls (1.22 ± 0.15 mgr/mL) (p < 0.001). Also, the patients with pulmonary hypertension (Pa > 20 mm Hg) presented
significantly higher arterial ET-1 levels (1.86 ± 0.32 mgr/mL) than those without
pulmonary hypertension (1.31 ± 0.13 mgr/mL) (p < 0.001). Arterial ET-1 levels were significantly correlated with mean pulmonary
arterial pressure (PAP) (r = 0.749, p < 0.001), and arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) (r = 0.79, p < 0.001). At sleep, during desaturation, arterial ET-1 levels significantly increased
in all patients (2.46 ± 0.13 mgr/mL) as compared with resting values (p < 0.001). Arterial ET-1 levels were significantly correlated with PAP (r = 0.657,
p < 0.001) and PaO2 (r = 0.93, p < 0.001). Conclusions: According to our study, arterial ET-1 is markedly increased
in ILD patients, especially in those with pulmonary hypertension.
KEYWORDS
Interstitial lung disease - sleep - endothelin-1 (ET-1) - hypoxemia