Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to investigate the effect of the psychostimulant drug methylphenidate (MPH) on motor cortex excitability in healthy adults (n = 12) in a placebo-controlled, crossover design study. MPH caused an enhancement of intracortical inhibition as well as intracortical facilitation. Enhancement of both of these TMS parameters was unexpected and suggests that MPH exerts its action on the motor cortex not only through the dopaminergic neurotransmitter system.
References
-
1
Aldrich M S, Prokopowicz G, Ockert K, Hollingsworth Z, Penney J B, Albin R L.
Neurochemical studies of human narcolepsy: alpha-adrenergic receptor autoradiography of human narcoleptic brain and brainstem.
Sleep.
1994 Oct;
17(7)
598-608
-
2
Barkley R A.
Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: constructing a unifying theory of ADHD.
Psychol Bull.
1997;
121
65-94
-
3
Boroojerdi B, Battaglia F, Muellbacher W, Cohen L G.
Mechanisms influencing stimulus-response properties of the human corticospinal system.
Clin Neurophysiol.
2001;
112
931-937
-
4
Cepeda C, Radisavljevic Z, Peacock W, Levine M S, Buchwald N A.
Differential modulation by dopamine of responses evoked by excitatory amino acids in human cortex.
Synapse.
1992;
11
330-341
-
5
DeLong M R.
Primate models of movement disorders of basal ganglia origin.
Trends Neurosci.
1990;
13
281-285
-
6
Fry J M.
Treatment modalities for narcolepsy.
Neurology.
1998;
50
S43-48
-
7
Kimko H C, Cross JT and Abernethy D R.
Pharmacokinetics and clinical effectiveness of methylphenidate.
Clin Pharmacokinet.
1999;
37
457-470
-
8
Kujirai T, Caramia M D, Rothwell J C, Day B L, Thompson P D, Ferbert A ,. et al .
Corticocortical inhibition in human motor cortex.
J Physiol.
1993;
471
501-519
-
9
Moll G H, Heinrich H, Trott G, Wirth S, Rothenberger A.
Deficient intracortical inhibition in drug-naive children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is enhanced by methylphenidate.
Neurosci Lett.
2000;
284
121-125
-
10
Plewnia C, Bartels M, Cohen L, Gerloff C.
Noradrenergic modulation of human cortex excitability by the presynaptic alpha(2)-antagonist yohimbine.
Neurosci Lett.
2001;
307
41-44
-
11
Radisavljevic Z, Cepeda C, Peacock W, Buchwald N A, Levine M S.
Norepinephrine modulates excitatory amino acid-induced responses in developing human and adult rat cerebral cortex.
Int J Dev Neurosci.
1994;
12
353-361
-
12
Solanto M V.
Neuropsychopharmacological mechanisms of stimulant drug action in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a review and integration.
Behav Brain Res.
1998;
94
127-152
-
13
Volkow N D, Ding Y S, Fowler J S, Wang G J, Logan J, Gatley J S,. et al .
Is methylphenidate like cocaine? Studies on their pharmacokinetics and distribution in the human brain.
Arch Gen Psychiatry.
1995;
52
456-463
-
14
Ziemann U, Lönnecker S, Steinhoff B J, Paulus W.
Effects of antiepileptic drugs on motor cortex excitability in humans: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study.
Ann Neurol.
1996;
40
367-378
-
15
Ziemann U, Rothwell JC and Ridding M C.
Interaction between intracortical inhibition and facilitation in human motor cortex.
J Physiol.
1996;
496
873-881
-
16
Ziemann U, Tergau F, Bruns D, Baudewig J, Paulus W.
Changes in human motor cortex excitability induced by dopaminergic and anti-dopaminergic drugs.
Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol.
1997;
105
430-437
Dr. Janbernd Kirschner (current address)
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
512 D Abramson Research Center
34th St and Civic Center Blvd
Philadelphia, PA 19104
USA
Email: Kirschnerj@email.chop.edu
Phone: (001)267-4265164
Fax: (001)215-5903709