Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-36664
Akuter Schub
Acute EpisodePublication History
Publication Date:
16 January 2003 (online)

Definition des akuten Schubs, Indikation zur Therapie
Konsens
Der akute Schub wird ebenso wie die Indikation zur Therapie durch die klinische Symptomatik in Verbindung mit Laborwerten (BSG, CRP, Hb/Hkt, Thrombozyten) definiert (B). Weitere diagnostische Verfahren können symptombezogen zusätzlich erforderlich sein; die Möglichkeit einer infektiösen Ursache der Beschwerden sollte bedacht werden (B).
Erläuterung
Da mit der bisher etablierten Standardtherapie die Erkrankung nur symptomatisch behandelt wird und das endoskopische bzw. radiologische Bild nicht oder nur begrenzt mit der Klinik korreliert, genügt die klinische Symptomatik zur Definition des Schubes. Laborwerte, die das Vorhandensein einer Entzündung anzeigen, sind hilfreich, um Beschwerden aufgrund narbiger Stenosen abzugrenzen, die keiner medikamentösen Therapie zugänglich sind. Da jede Superinfektion oder synchron auftretende Infektion ähnliche Beschwerden und ähnliche Laborveränderungen induzieren kann, sollten infektiöse Ursachen der Beschwerden, soweit möglich, ausgeschlossen werden [1].
Da die Beschwerden auch durch Komplikationen (Abszesse, Fisteln, Gallensteinkomplikationen, Nierensteine und deren Komplikationen, Medikamentennebenwirkungen) bedingt sein können, ist eine breite Palette weiterer diagnostischer Verfahren je nach klinischer Situation eventuell erforderlich. Bei der Erstmanifestation der Erkrankung ist eine umfangreiche Diagnostik zur Bestimmung von Art und Ausdehnung der Erkrankung notwenig, um eine Therapie festzulegen (s. Kapitel Diagnostik).
Konsens
Der Beginn der antientzündlichen Therapie sollte nicht verzögert werden (C).
Erläuterung
Wenn eine infektiöse Genese der Beschwerden unwahrscheinlich oder ausgeschlossen ist, sollte die Therapie rasch begonnen werden, da alle weiteren eventuell durch diagnostische Maßnahmen generierten Informationen in der Regel keine wesentlichen Änderungen des Therapieregimes mit sich bringen.
Literatur
- 1
Stallmach A, Carstens O.
Role of infections in the manifestation or reactivation of
inflammatory bowel disease.
Inflamm Bowel Dis.
2002;
8
213-218 (IV)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 2
Colombel J F, Lémann M. et al .
A controlled trial comparing ciprofloxacin with mesalazine
for the treatment of active Crohn’s disease. Groupe d’Etudes
Thérapeutiques des Affections Inflammatoires Digestives (GETAID).
Am J Gastroenterol.
1999;
94
674-678 (Ib)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 3
Gerhardt H, Seifert F, Buvari P. et al .
Therapie des aktiven Morbus Crohn mit dem
Boswellia-serrata-Extrakt H 15.
Z Gastroenterol.
2001;
39
11-17 (Ib)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 4
Mahida Y R, Jewell D P.
Slow-release 5-amino-salicylic acid (Pentasa) for the
treatment of active Crohn’s disease.
Digestion.
1990;
45
88-92 (Ib)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 5
Modigliani R, Colombel J F, Dupas J L. et al .
Mesalamine in Crohn’s disease with steroid-induced
remission: effect on steroid withdrawal and remission maintenance. Groupe
d’Études Therapeutiques des Affections Inflammatoires
Digestives.
Gastroenterology.
1996;
110
688-693 (Ib)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 6
Prantera C, Cottone M, Pallone F. et al .
Mesalamine in the treatment of mild to moderate active
Crohn’s ileitis: results of a randomized, multicenter trial.
Gastroenterology.
1999;
116
521-526 (Ib)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 7
Rasmussen S N, Lauritsen K, Tage-Jensen U. et al .
5-Aminosalicylic acid in the treatment of Crohn’s
disease. A 16-week double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study with
Pentasa.
Scand J Gastroenterol.
1987;
22
877-883 (Ib)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 8
Rijk M C, van Hogezand R A, van Lier H J. et al .
Sulphasalazine and prednisone compared with sulphasalazine
for treating active Crohn’s disease. A double-blind, randomized,
multicenter trial.
Ann Intern Med.
1991;
114
445-450 (Ib)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 9
Salomon P, Kornbluth A, Aisenberg J. et al .
How effective are current drugs for Crohn’s disease? A
meta-analysis.
J Clin Gastroenterol.
1992;
14
211-215 (Ia)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 10
Scholmerich J, Jenss H, Hartmann F. et al .
Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid versus 6-methylprednisolone in
active Crohn’s disease.
Can J Gastoenterol.
1990;
4
446-451 (Ib)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 11
Singleton J W, Summers R W, Kern F Jr. et al .
A trial of sulfasalazine as adjunctive therapy in
Crohn’s disease.
Gastroenterology.
1979;
77
887-897 (Ib)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 12
Singleton J W, Hanauer S, Gitnick G L. et al .
Mesalamine capsules for the treatment of active Crohn’s
disease: results of a 16-week trial. Pentasa Crohn’s Disease Study
Group.
Gastroenterology.
1993;
104
1293-1301 (Ib)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 13
Thomson O O, Cortot A, Jewell D. et al .
A comparison of budesonide and mesalamine for active
Crohn’s disease. International Budesonide-Mesalamine Study Group.
N Engl J Med.
1998;
339
370-374 (Ib)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 14
Tremaine W J, Schroeder K W, Harrison J M. et al .
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the
oral mesalamine (5-ASA) preparation, Asacol, in the treatment of symptomatic
Crohn’s colitis and ileocolitis.
J Clin Gastroenterol.
1994;
19
278-282 (Ib)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 15
Ursing B, Alm T, Bárány F. et al .
A comparative study of metronidazole and sulfasalazine for
active Crohn’s disease: the cooperative Crohn’s disease study in
Sweden. II. Result.
Gastroenterology.
1982;
83
550-562 (Ib)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 16
Van Hees P A, Van Lier H J, Van Elteren P H. et al .
Effect of sulphasalazine in patients with active
Crohn’s disease: a controlled double-blind study.
Gut.
1981;
22
404-409 (Ib)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 17
Gross V, Andus T, Fischbach W. et al .
Comparison between high dose 5-aminosalicylic acid and
6-methylprednisolone in active Crohn’s ileocolitis. A multicenter
randomized double-blind study. German 5-ASA Study Group.
Z Gastroenterol.
1995;
33
581-584 (IIa)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 18
Papi C, Luchetti R, Gili L. et al .
Budesonide in the treatment of Crohn’s disease: a
meta-analysis.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther.
2000;
14
1419-1428 (Ia)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 19
Bar-Meir S, Chowers Y, Lavy A. et al .
The Israeli Budesonide Study Group. Budesonide versus
prednisone in the treatment of active Crohn’s disease.
Gastroenterology.
1998;
115
835-840 (Ib)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 20
Caesar I, Gross V, Roth M. et al .
Treatment of active and postactive ileal and colonic
Crohn’s disease with oral pH-modified-release budesonide. German
Budesonide Study Group.
Hepatogastroenterology.
1997;
44
445-451 (IIa)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 21
Campieri M, Ferguson A, Doe W. et al .
Oral budesonide is as effective as oral prednisolone in
active Crohn’s disease. The Global Budesonide Study Group.
Gut.
1997;
41
209-214 (Ib)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 22
Greenberg G R, Feagan B G, Martin F. et al .
Oral budesonide for active Crohn’s disease. Canadian
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Study Group.
N Engl J Med.
1994;
331
836-841 (Ib)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 23
Gross V, Andus T, Caesar I. et al .
Oral pH-modified release budesonide versus
6-methylprednisolone in active Crohn’s disease. German/Austrian
Budesonide Study Group.
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol.
1996;
8
905-909 (Ib)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 24
Rutgeerts P, Löfberg R, Malchow H. et al .
A comparison of budesonide with prednisolone for active
Crohn’s disease.
N Eng J Med.
1994;
331
842-845 (Ib)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 25
Brignola C, De Simone G, Belloli C. et al .
Steroid treatment in active Crohn’s disease: a
comparison between two regimens of different duration.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther.
1994;
8
465-468 (IIa)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 26
Chun A, Chadi R M, Korelitz B I. et al .
Intravenous corticotrophin vs. hydrocortisone in the
treatment of hospitalized patients with Crohn’s disease: a randomized
double-blind study and follow-up.
Inflamm Bowel Dis.
1998;
177-181 (Ib)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 27
Ewe K, Press A G, Singe C C. et al .
Azathioprine combined with prednisolone or monotherapy with
prednisolone in active Crohn’s disease.
Gastroenterology.
1993;
105
367-72 (Ib)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 28
Heuschkel R B, Menache C C, Megerian J T. et al .
Enteral nutrition and corticosteroids in the treatment of
acute Crohn’s disease in children.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr.
2000;
31
8-15 (Ia)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 29
Landi B, Anh T N, Cortot A. et al .
Endoscopic monitoring of Crohn’s disease treatment: a
prospective, randomized clinical trial. The Group d’Études
Thérapeutiques des Affections Inflammatoires Digestives.
Gastroenterology.
1992;
102
1647-1653 (Ib)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 30
Lindor K D, Fleming C R, Burnes J U. et al .
A randomized prospective trial comparing a defined formula
diet, corticosteroids, and a defined formula diet plus corticosteroids in
active Crohn’s disease.
Mayo Clin Proc.
1992;
67
328-333 (IIa)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 31
Lochs H, Steinhardt H J, Klaus-Wentz B. et al .
Comparison of enteral nutrition and drug treatment in active
Crohn’s disease. Results of the European Cooperative Crohn’s
Disease Study. IV.
Gastroenterology.
1991;
101
881-888 (Ib)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 32
Malchow H, Ewe K, Brandes J W. et al .
European Cooperative Crohn’s Disease Study (ECCDS):
results of drug treatment.
Gastroenterology.
1984;
86
249-266 (Ib)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 33
Markowitz J, Grancher K, Kohn N. et al .
A multicenter trial of 6-mercaptopurine and prednisone in
children with newly diagnosed Crohn’s disease.
Gastroenterology.
2000;
119
895-902 (Ib)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 34
Summers R W, Switz D M, Sessions J T Jr. et al .
National Cooperative Crohn’s Disease Study: results of
drug treatment.
Gastroenterology.
1979;
77
847-869 (Ib)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 35
Pearson D C, May G R, Fick G H. et al .
Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine in Crohn’s disease. A
meta-analysis.
Ann Intern Med.
1995;
123
132-142 (Ia)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 36
Candy S, Wright J, Gerber M. et al .
A controlled double blind study of azathioprine in the
management of Crohn’s disease.
Gut.
1995;
37
674-678 (Ib)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 37
Greenberg G R, Fleming C R, Jeejeebhoy K N. et al .
Controlled trial of bowel rest and nutritional support in the
management of Crohn’s disease.
Gut.
1988;
29
1309-1315 (IIb)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 38
Griffiths A M, Ohlsson A, Sherman P M. et al .
Meta-analysis of enteral nutrition as a primary treatment of
active Crohn’s disease.
Gastroenterology.
1995;
108
1056-1067 (Ia)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 39
Borgaonkar M R, MacIntosh D G, Fardy J M.
A meta-analysis of antimycobacterial therapy for
Crohn’s disease.
Am J Gastroenterol.
2000;
95
725-729 (Ia)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 40
Greenbloom S L, Steinhart A H, Greenberg G R.
Combination ciprofloxacin and metronidazole for active
Crohn’s disease.
Can J Gastroenterol.
1995;
12
53-56 (IIb)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 41
Prantera C, Zannoni F, Scribano M L. et al .
An antibiotic regimen for the treatment of active
Crohn’s disease: a randomized, controlled clinical trial of metronidazole
plus ciprofloxazin.
Am J Gastroenterol.
1996;
91
328-332 (Ib)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 42
Sutherland L, Singleton J, Sessions J. et al .
Double blind, placebo controlled trial of metronidazole in
Crohn’s disease.
Gut.
1991;
32
1071-1075 (Ib)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 43
Triantafillidis J K, Nicolakis D, Emmanoullidis A. et al .
Ornidazole in the treatment of active Crohn’s disease:
short-term results.
Ital J Gastroenterol.
1996;
28
10-14 (IIa)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 44
Targan S R, Hanauer S B, van Deventer S J. et al .
A short-term study of chimeric monoclonal antibody cA2 to
tumor necrosis factor for Crohn’s disease. Crohn’s Disease cA2
Study Group.
N Engl J Med.
1997;
337
1029-1035 (Ib)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 45
Lochs H, Adler G, Beglinger C H. et al .
Anti-TNF antibody in Crohn’s disease - status of
information, comments and recommendation of an international working group.
Z Gastroenterol.
1999;
37
509-512 (IV)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 46
Williams S E, Grundman M J, Baker R D. et al .
A controlled trial of disodium cromoglycate in the treatment
of Crohn’s disease.
Digestion.
1980;
20
395-398 (Ib)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 47
Schölmerich J.
Therapeutische Innovationen bei chronisch- entzündlichen
Darmerkrankungen durch „biologische Therapie” - Anti-TNF
und andere.
Internist.
2002;
43
1386-1399 (IV)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 48
Sandborn W J, Feagan B G, Hanauer S B. et al .
A review of activity indices and efficacy endpoints for
clinical trials of medical therapy in adults with Crohn’s disease.
Gastroenterology.
2002;
122
512-530 (IV)
Reference Ris Wihthout Link