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Seminars in Neurosurgery 2002; 13(2): 101-110
DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-35807
Copyright © 2002 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA. Tel.: +1(212) 584-4662

Anatomy and Biomechanics of the Craniocervical Junction

Neil R. Crawford1 , R. John Hurlbert2,3
  • 1Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
  • 2University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
  • 3Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Publication History

Publication Date:
28 November 2002 (online)

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ABSTRACT

It is important for surgeons to understand the anatomical and functional relationships of the bony articulations and ligaments of the craniocervical junction to allow them to predict the effect of injuries and surgical fixation on the stability of this region. The functional anatomy of the cranio-vertebral junction is described, with focus on its complex ligamentous structure. The functional consequences of several types of injuries are examined, including hyperrotation, compression, hyperflexion, hyperextension, and iatrogenic injuries. Anatomical and biomechanical limitations of fixation devices that use screws or cables for immobilizing C0-1, C1-2, or C0 through C2 are summarized.

KEYWORDS

Ligament - injury - biomechanics - functional anatomy - cervical spine

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