Biologische Marker in der Epidemiologie: Begriffe, Anwendungen, Perspektiven (Teil I)

Zusammenfassung

Die Einbeziehung biologischer Marker in die epidemiologische Forschung eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten der Expositionsbestimmung, aber auch des Nachweises früher pathologischer Veränderungen und Vorstufen von Erkrankungen. Gleichzeitig steigen die Anforderungen an Validität, Reliabilität, Qualitätssicherung und Logistik. In vielen Fällen erhöht sich außerdem der Zeit- und Kostenaufwand einer epidemiologischen Studie. Voraussetzung für die Durchführung solcher Studien ist eine interdisziplinäre Kooperation zwischen Epidemiologie, Grundlagenforschung und Laborwissenschaften. Basis dieser Zusammenarbeit ist eine Verständigung über Begriffe, Methoden und Verfahren. Die Definition des „Biomarkers” sowie eine Bestandsaufnahme der bisherigen Anwendung von biologischen Markern in epidemiologischen Feldstudien und die Anforderungen an die Methodenentwicklung bilden den ersten Teil dieses Hintergrundpapiers. Im zweiten Teil werden genetische Marker und Marker der individuellen Sensitivität und Suszeptibilität vorgestellt. Abschließend wird ein Ausblick auf die Zukunft der Biomarker in der Epidemiologie versucht.

Abstract

The inclusion of biomarkers in epidemiological research provides new possibilities for exposure assessment and the study of early structural or functional changes and pre-clinical stages of diseases. At the same time issues of validity, reliability, and quality control as well as logistics require special attention. Usually epidemiological studies become more expensive with regard to time and cost.

Interdisciplinary collaboration between epidemiology, basic research, and laboratory research is crucial. A prerequisite for this collaboration are agreements on definitions, methods and procedures. The definition of „biomarker” and a description of previous uses of biomarkers in epidemiological studies are presented in the first part of this paper. The second part addresses genetic markers and markers of individual sensitivity and susceptibility. We will end with a discussion about the possible future of biomarkers in epidemiology.

Schlüsselwörter

Biomarker - Biomonitoring - genetischer Marker - Epidemiologie - zukünftige Anwendungsgebiete

Key words

Biomarker - Biomonitoring - Genetic Marker - Epidemiology - Future Use

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