Zerebrovaskuläre Erkrankungen und Sport

Zusammenfassung

Zerebrovaskuläre Erkrankungen sind in Industrieländern die dritthäufigste Todesursache und Hauptgrund körperlicher Behinderung. Nur durch eine effektive Schlaganfallprävention lassen sich entscheidende Schritte zur Verbesserung dieser Situation erreichen. Sport und körperliche Aktivität können hierzu durch die Beeinflussung modifizierbarer Risikofaktoren (arterielle Hypertonie, Diabetes mellitus, Dyslipidämie, Adipositas) einen wichtigen Beitrag leisten. Auch nach einem zerebralen Insult kann dem Sport in der Sekundärprophylaxe eine wichtige Aufgabe zukommen. Darüber hinaus kann er therapeutisch zur Behandlung von körperlicher Behinderung, Steigerung der Fitness und zur gesellschaftlichen Reintegration und Stärkung des Selbstwertgefühls beitragen. Demgegenüber ist das Risiko, durch Sport eine Hirninfarkt oder -blutung zu erleiden, sehr gering. Häufigste Ursachen dürften Dissektionen durch Traumata der Halswirbelsäule sowie intrazerebrale oder subarachnoidale Blutungen durch plötzliche Blutdruckanstiege sein.

Cerebrovascular Disease and Sports

Stroke is the third leading cause of death in industrial nations and the major cause of disability. Prevention of stroke can reduce this burden. Sports and physical activity can influence the modifiable risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and obesity) and may play an important role in the primary and secondary prevention of stroke. There is also a therapeutical benefit in training the disabled limb, improving the physical fitness and coping with the disease through the integrational function of sports. Sports is a minor risk factor for stroke. Especially dissection of the extracranial arteries following neck trauma and sudden rise in blood pressure can cause stroke.

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